سال:1390 | دوره: | شماره: |تعداد مقالات:8

The osmotic dehydration causes water removing from food and also a soluble solid uptake into the foodstuffs. However, large penetration of solute into the food becomes a major problem in osmotic dehydration.Pre-coating the food to be dehydrated with an artificial, edible barrier was also explored as a way to efficiently hinder solute penetration. In this study the effect of edible coating (CMC), concentration of sucrose solution (50 and 60%), temperature (35, 45 oC) of Thomson orange, as a model fruit were studied on the factors affected of mass Transfer phenomena during osmotic dehydration. The results showed that the soluble solid gain (SG), water loss (WL) and productivity ratio (WL/SG) rise with increase of temperature and solute concentration. Coating has affected significantly on the productivity ratio.

Agricultural products have a main role in nonoil exports. Pistachio is one of the country's most important export products. Thus, this study is aimed at evaluating and identifying pistachio marketing in Rafsanjan which is carried out in 2011. This is applied study and its methodology is correlation. The statistical population was 120 agricultural extension experts of Rafsanjan township were studied by survey. The main research tool was questionnaire. SPSS16 statistical software was used to analyze the data. Finding showed that most of the experts (38.5%) stated that situation of pistachio marketing is relatively desirable in the studied region. In relation to prioritizing the pistachio marketing dimension, calibration is in the first priority. Transportation, packing, harvesting, storage, and processing are the next priorities, respectively.

Punicagranatum cv. Malassaveh is one of the most desirable commercial cultivars in Iran. In this study some experiments were conducted to introduce the best hormonal treatments for direct adventitious shoot regeneration from mentioned cultivar via cotyledonary explants. For this purpose, both liquid and agarMurashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) medium supplemented with BA at 2, 4.5, 9, 13 mM alone and in combination with 5.5 mM NAA or 5 mM 2, 4-D were used. The highest number of shoot per explant 8.2 and 7.9 were obtained in MS liquid and agar medium supplemented with 13mM BA and 5.5 mM NAArespectively, although there was no significant differences between two medium. The highest shoot length 1.65 cm was obtained from MS liquid medium supplemented with13mM BA and 5.5 mM NAA as well. The highest rooting was obtained in half-strength MS containing 2 mg/l IBA with 3.1 roots per explant. Rooting plantlets were transferred to Jiffy and acclimatized after 35 days successfully.

The major purpose of this study was conducted to identify the challenges in application of ICTs in rural areas of Iran. A questionnaire was developed and data collected from 187 extension specialists. The challenges was categorized by using factor analysis and results show challenges were classified into organizational, technical, social, financial, regulatory and human factors by order of their impacts.

The main purpose of this research was to analyze Socio-Cultural obstacles of disseminating of nanotechnology in Iran's agricultural section. One hundred twenty eight out of a total of 190 researchers with different levels of expertise in and familiarity with nanotechnology were randomly selected and questionnaires completed by them. Face validity have been done by expert' s suggestion and correction, reliability by using Cronbach-Alpha formula. The results of a factor analysis showed variation for different factors. For cultural factors 19/475 percent, for management 13/139 percent, information factor 11/277 percent, production factor 9/703 percent, social factor 9/267 percent, and for attitude factor it became 8/947 percent. Also results indicated that socio-cultural factors were the most important obstacle for nanotechnology dissemination in agricultural section in Iran.

In this paper, to account for the effect of water stresses in the various growth stages under deficit irrigation, the multiplicative, seasonal and minimal approaches are integrated in the BUDGET model. To evaluate the model, the simulated yields for winter wheat (was grown in Sharif Abad district) under various levels of water stress were compared with observed yields. The result showed, simulated crop yields agreed well with observed yields for this location using multiplicative approach (in comparison with minimal and seasonal approaches). The determination coefficient (R2) between observed and simulated yields ranged from 0.81 to 0.92 with very high modeling efficiencies. The root of mean square error (RMSE) values is relatively small and ranged between 6 to 14. A sensitivity analysis showed that the model is robust and that good estimates can be obtained by using indicative values for the required crop and soil parameters.

Most of the poor people in developing countries live in rural areas. Experience shows that in many countries animal husbandry development and increasing investment specially is a way to challenge the poverty in rural areas. This is obvious that, small producers have key role in dairy markets and dairy development but they have no power to bargain and negotiate for higher prices, access to the marketing, and up to date their knowledge and skills. They have few animals with low milk production and low quality. In these situations, cooperatives are best choice to organizing smallholder milk producers. With such organization smallholder milk producers are able to increase their competition power. Milk collecting centers as a place to implementing this purpose can play a big role. These centers in the production stage can help smallholder milk producers to have access to the dairy animals with high quality, feeds, veterinary and other supplies. This centers in the marketing stage, with adopting politics for example punishment and rewards politics, and preparing training courses help to improve milk quality and to reduce milk microbial. This article investigates the role of milk collecting center to improve smallholder milk producer's situation, and their conditions in the Esfahan area.

The major purpose of this study was to examine the advantages and implications of biogas technology in the agriculture sector. Biogas is one of many biomass energy sources, which include anything that was once alive and that can generate energy (except for fossil fuels, which are not renewable). To talk of biogas is to talk of agriculture, since biogas generation starts with agricultural waste produce, such as cow dung, husk, straw etc. and ends with agricultural produce, use of slurry on crops. Slurry is one of the most environmentally sound organic fertilizers in use today. The information collected in this study by reviewing literatures. Renewable energy sources have a large potential to contribute to the sustainable development of specific territories by providing them with a wide variety of socioeconomic benefits, including personal/household impacts, health impacts, social, economic and environmental impacts. Biogas as an adaptive and cost-effective energy system, integrate livestock into the farming system.