سال:1397 | دوره: | شماره: |تعداد مقالات:8

Today one of the most important health issues that threatens the lives of people in different countries is the increase in the rates of road traffic injuries [1]. Road traffic injuries are the main causes of death in most countries of the world [2].According to the recent reports, every year global road traffic deaths are estimated to be 1.2 million and between 20 and 50 million suffer from non-fatal injuries [3]. In Iran, according to the latest statistics released by the Forensic Medicine Organization, traffic crashes cause nearly 17000 deaths each year and a permanent injury or disability for 300000 people [4]. Deaths from traffic accidents can happen immediately after the accident or during the transfer to the hospital or in the hospital…

Background: Occupational accidents are the second cause of occupational fatality in Iran and are among the major health, social, and economic risk factors. Since the publication of scientific articles in the field of occupational accidents reflects the concern of researchers to this important issue, the present study aimed to evaluate the scientific achievements in the field of occupational accidents in the journals of Iranian medical sciences universities.Materials and Methods: The current cross-sectional study was carried out by content analysis method on Persian journals of Iranian medical sciences universities from 2007 to 2016. For data extraction, a researcher-made data collection form tailored to the research objectives was used. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics indices.Results: Assessing a total of 52158 articles extracted from 5226 issues of 147 journals published by 49 medical sciences universities showed that the number of scientific articles in the field of occupational accidents was 259 (0.4% of the total articles). A growing trend was observed in the number of articles during the 10-year study from 12 articles in 2007 to 52 in 2016. The content analysis of the articles showed that the majority of the articles (n=85, 32.8%) were about industrial accidents followed by occupational accidents among healthcare providers (n=48, 18.5%). Most articles (n=254, 98%) were original research, and the research tools in most of the papers (n=214, 82.6%) were questionnaire and checklist.Conclusion: Although the publication of a high number of articles on occupational accidents in the journals of medical sciences universities indicates the attention of experts to the health of the workforce, research in this area is far from enough. Therefore, enhancing the attention of experts, especially the ones in occupational health, occupational medicine, ergonomics, and safety areas seems necessary.

Background: Children’s inability to protect themselves, shows the importance of crisis management in preschool period. Preschool administrators can help them with the risk prevention during crisis. We aimed to investigate the professional competencies of preschool administrators based on crisis management approach.Materials and Methods: The study participants included 387 preschool administrators in Tehran, Iran, selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The surveying tool was a questionnaire designed based on the Child Care Director Self-Assessment instrument (North Carolina Institute, 2015), which has 76 items covering 11 different competency areas. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS (Version 21) by performing descriptive tests and inferential statistics like the Kruskal-Wallis test and the stepwise linear regression method.Results: The results showed a significant difference between professional competency of preschool administrators in terms of age, management experience and educational level (P<0.001). Also, regression results revealed that management experience and educational level can predict professional competency for crisis management, but age could not predict the variation in professional competency (P>0.05).Conclusion: Administrators who are more professionally competent in terms of technical, human, and perceptual skills are more qualified for the preschool management, but age variables cannot predict eligibility.

Background: Any accident is a disturbance in the balance between the human system, vehicle, road and environment. Future prediction of traumatic accidents is a valuable factor for managers to make strategic decisions in the areas of safety, health and transportation.Materials and Methods: In this study, by using Grey Model (GM) (1.1), Rolling Grey Model (RGM), Fourier Grey Model (FGM) (1.1), survival modification model, ARIMA time series, harmonic pattern and statistical data, the number of traffic injuries referred to forensic medicine centers in Semnan Province between 2017 and 2020 were predicted based on the number of traffic injured in Semnan Province from March 2009 and March 2016.Results: The mean absolute error percentage for the GM (1.1), RGM (1), FGM (1.1), survival model, ARIMA and harmonic models were 0.994, 0.082, 0.091, 0.105, 0.05, 0.11, respectively, indicating a greater accuracy of the ARIMA method, compared to the other methods. The number of road traffic injuries in Semnan Province is decreasing and will reach 4052 in 2020.Conclusion: ARIMA model is the best method of the future studies model for the number of injured patients referred to the forensic medicine centers in Semnan Province compared to other studied methods. Future studies model shows that the injuries caused by accidents in the province of Semnan are decreasing.

Background: The current study aimed to investigate the relationship of cognitive emotion regulation and meaning in life with health anxiety in nurses working in emergency department.Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive research in the form of correlation and prediction. The sample included 100 emergency nurses in Sari City, Iran selected by randomized method of sampling. The participants completed items of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) and health anxiety questionnaire. The research data were analyzed by descriptive statistics indices, Pearson correlation analysis, Partition coefficient, and multivariate regression, using SPSS.Results: The results suggested a significant relationship between cognitive emotion regulation and health anxiety, especially in the subscale of rumination in terms of negative cognitive emotion regulation. Also, there was a significant relationship between meaning in life and health anxiety.Conclusion: Generally, findings of this research can be useful in future studies regarding the effect of meaning in life and cognitive emotion regulation on health anxiety.

Background: Hospitals as the essential health service providers should manage their performance during incidents and disasters. The Hospital Incident Command System (HICS) is helpful in this regard. The establishment of this system assists the hospital disaster risk management committee to get prepared in emergency situations. This study aimed to assess the effect of HICS establishment on preparedness of Police Hospitals in Tehran, Iran during disasters, under simulated conditions.Materials and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental interventional study. The study participants were 55 managers of Imam Sajjad and Vali Asr hospitals in Tehran selected by census method (23 from Imam Sajjad Hospital as the control group, and 32 from Vali Asr Hospital as the experimental group). The preparedness of hospitals was measured before the intervention using Hospital Preparedness Scale (HPS) designed by Khankeh (2012). After establishment of HICS in Vali Asr Hospital, the hospital managers received a 3-day training through incident scenario. After one month, their preparedness was measured again by HPS instrument. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS (Version 18) using descriptive statistics, Independent t test and Chi-square test.Results: Establishment of HICS significantly increased preparedness of hospitals in communications, continuity of vital services, manpower, and procurement and logistics areas.Conclusion: Establishment of HICS can improve the hospitals’ preparedness at times of disasters in many aspects. It is suggested that similar studies be conducted in private and public hospitals with longer follow-up time.

Background: Early discharge of inpatients is one of the most well-known strategies for hospital surge capacity in disasters. This study aimed to determine the rate of inpatient surge capacity created by early discharge in disasters in pediatrics departments of hospitals affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of all children (1-14 years old) admitted to the pediatrics departments of hospitals affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. No sampling was performed and all study population including 207 children were enrolled. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was verified by the relevant experts. Data collection was done by direct referring to the hospitals. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics including Pearson, Chi-square, and Mann-Whitney tests.Results: Pediatric inpatients surge capacity created by early discharge of the four studied hospitals, including Imam Reza (AS), Ghaem (aj), Shahid Hasheminejad, Dr. Sheikh, and the total were 16 (59%), 24 (57%), 10 (55%), 14 (48%) and 64 (55%) beds, respectively. There was no statistically significant relationship between the demographic variables of the patient’s doctor and his/her decision about early discharge, or between patients demographic characteristics and decision about early discharge.Conclusion: By using early discharge of inpatient pediatrics during disasters, a notable admission capacity can be created for pediatrics casualties of disasters.

Background: Earthquake has always been a serious threat for humans’ health and properties. In this regard, the most urgent services for people after the occurrence of incidents and disasters, especially earthquake, is health services. Iran due to its geographic location along the Alpine-Himalayan belt is vulnerable to the occurrence of earthquakes with magnitudes of 6 and 7 on the Richter scale. Prevention of earthquake is impossible; however, it is important to use the lessons learned to reduce the physical and financial damages in similar future incidents. This study was conducted with the objective of examining the lessons learned by the workgroup of Health and Treatment in response to 7.3 magnitude Kermanshah Province earthquake.Materials and Methods: In This case study, the triangulation method including interview, participatory observation and expert panel in three sections of prehospital emergency services, medical center, and health and treatment centers, was used to assess the performance of health and treatment workgroup in response to Kermanshah earthquake. For this purpose, in addition to recording the information resulting from observation by the researchers, the reports related to EOC (Emergency Operations Center) of Kermanshah and expert assessors were examined. Furthermore, interviews were conducted with experts, directors, commanders and responsible authorities in the field of incident and the State Emergency Organization central headquarters’ staff. Finally, the collected data were analyzed.Results: Based on the study findings, the positive points were the rapid response by the Emergency and Health system organization, effective command on the scene of incident from the first moments, fine management of human resources and the injured within reasonable time, dispatching more than 7350 injured people to treatment centers in less than 20 hours, carrying out 1980 successful operations in less than 3 days, establishing and running 6 mobile hospitals in less than 12 hours, complete supply of blood and blood derivatives, medicines, equipments and specialist force, and sustainability of health and treatment services in less than 24 hours. However, the most important problems were deficiency in protocol, absence of special assessment team and failure to use rapid assessment national standard, lack of national response plan in crisis management and the high vulnerability of hospitals’ infrastructures.Conclusion: Although in this earthquake, thanks to positive steps taken by health and treatment workgroup, great progress was observed in response operations in the area of health; based on the study findings, there are challenges that the health system should resolve in order to improve health services in incidents and disasters. Developing the emergency organization and especially emergency air service, advancement of the status of the State Crisis Management Organization, accurate planning for aid services such as temporary sheltering and provision of latrines and bath and establishing mobile hospitals under unified management are recommended.