سال:1396 | دوره: | شماره: |تعداد مقالات:7

low Back Pain (LBP) is the first cause of disability in people under 45 years old and the second cause of referral to physician, and the third cause of surgery (Noori et al., 2011). In developed countries, the overall cost resulted from LBP is 1.7% of gross national product total share (Karimi, 2004). In general, the prevalence rate of LBP is 30%, but over 70-85% of people in advanced countries experience it at least once in their life (Nezhad Roomezi et al., 2012). In Iran, this problem is the third cause of disability in people aged ranging from 15 to 69 years. Since Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) is a multifactorial phenomenon, several suggestions are proposed for its treatment (Nezhad Roomezi et al., 2012). In this study, it was decided to introduce a less-known but effective technique in the treatment of CLBP.

Background: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin and is essential nutrient for metabolic and physiological processes in the human body. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of educational program regarding vitamin D deficiency preventive behaviors and vitamin D supplement among middle-aged women living in Karaj, Iran.Methods and Materials: Two hundred forty middle-aged women (30-60 years old) with vitamin D deficiency were randomly selected from referrers to comprehensive health centers after blood test. The selected individuals were randomly divided into three equal interventional groups of preventive behaviors education, supplemental consumption, combination of preventive behavior education and supplemental vitamin D consumption, and one control group with sample size of 60 individuals in each group. Six months after intervention, the level of vitamin D in serum of all subjects was measured and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) was used to determine the subjects' general health.Results: The results showed that the group which were educated to improve preventive behaviors and also were prescribed supplemental vitamin D was significantly better than the other groups regarding vitamin D deficiency improvement and general health score (P<0.05). Combination of complementary and education was more effective than the other methods and significantly improved the general health (PV<0.0001) Conclusion: This study showed the simultaneous supplementary prescription and preventive behavior education was the most effective to prevent vitamin D deficiency.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis is a common disease that causes pain and impairment of normal performance. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the three combined training methods on pain and function in patients with knee osteoarthritis.Methods and Materials: This study is a semi-experimental research, and it makes use of pretest and posttest methods in which 30 male patients were selected and randomly assigned into three groups, namely the experimental group 1, the experimental group 2 and the experimental group 3. The groups underwent an 8-week period of training. Pain severity and functions were measured via Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and function through Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaires before and after exercise. Data were analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA) (P<0.05).Results: The ANOVA demonstrated a significant difference between groups about pain (F(2, 27)=35.12, (P<0.01) and function (F(2, 27)=32.7, (P<0.01)). Post hoc analysis revealed significant differences between experimental groups 1 and 2 (P<0.05) and experimental groups 1 and 3 (P<0.01) regarding pain and function, but there was no significant difference between experimental group 2 and 3 for pain and function (P>0.05).Conclusion: Following the intervention, three groups showed a reduction in pain and improvement in function. The rate of recovery in the first experimental group was higher than other groups, and that a new approach in the treatment of patients suffering from severe pains was introduced in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.

Background: Identifying the health problems of governmental organizations staff, their health needs, and prioritizing these needs are the first step in intervention planning in order to improve their health.This study was conducted to identify health problems and health-related needs of Mellat Bank employees in Yazd, Iran.Methods and Materials: For this cross sectional study, 179 eligible employees were selected from 34 branches of Mellat Bank in Yazd province. The data collection tool was a questionnaire containing an open question as "What problems affect your health in your workplace". The questionnaire was sent to all employees of the Mellat Bank through official automation system, to which 167 people ultimately responded. Then the problems were combined, listed, and sorted based on their frequency.Results: In this study, from a total of 167 employees (92%) responded to the questionnaire, of which 152 (91%) cases were man and 15 (9%) cases were woman. Most of the studied subjects had a bachelor's degree of education. A total of 86 (51.4%) subjects suffered from musculoskeletal problems, among which low back pain (n=61, 71%), neck pain (n=39, 45%), and knee pain (n=26, 30%) were the most frequent. In addition, about 47 (28.1%) and 32 (19.1%) cases suffered from stress and psychological disorders, respectively.Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the most important identified health problem was musculoskeletal pains. Therefore, in addition to further research to be carried out in order to confirm these results, it is suggested that the causes of these problems be investigated in analytical research in order to be able to design and implement appropriate interventions to address these problems.

Background: Low level Physical Activity (PA) among Chronic Low Back Pain for (CLBP) has been reported in many studies. The aim of this study was to predicting factors for physical activity behavior among CLBP patients referred to pain clinic in Yazd, Iran.Methods and Materials: This cross sectional study was conducted on 182 eligible patients with CLBP who referred to pain clinic in Yazd, Iran from October to December 2016. A socio-demographic questionnaire as well as a 14-item researcher-made questionnaire regarding physical activity predictors based on Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) were used to collect data. Data were inserted into SPSS v.23 and AMOS v.23 and analyzed using descriptive/analytical tests including linear regression analysis.Results: Totally 182 individuals with mean age of 42.18±13.12 completed the study. The results showed behavioral beliefs and evaluation of behavioral outcome of PA were predictors of patients' attitudes towards PA (P<0.001). Normative beliefs and motivation to comply were also predictors of subjective norm (P<0.001). Subjective norm was predictor for intention to perform the PA behavior (P<0.001) that in turn was predictor for PA behavior (P<0.001). However, attitudes towards PA was not predictor for intention to do PA (P=0.085).Conclusion: This study showed the individuals who had positive beliefs and evaluation regarding outcomes of PA were more likely to do this behavior.

Background: This study aimed to assess the influence of video games on voice learning in students of speech therapy.Methods & Materials: This study was a clinical trial study in which 102 fifth semester students of speech therapy group of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences took part and were divided into two groups. The first group included 27students who were admitted in the university from 2008and2009 trained in traditional training and the second group (N=75) who were admitted in 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2013 spent their traditional training plus using the software of Avaz-e-Ma.at the end of each semester. Students' satisfaction of the learning of each group was obtained through using the qualitative scale and the final exam of each group. The relationship between the learning type and the student scores was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and the difference between of both groups were analyzed by independent T-test.Results: The mean age of the first and the second group were 20.11±3.02 and 20.25±2.12 years old respectively. The mean score of the students who learned by software were 18±0.2 and the students by traditional way was 12±0.2 that was significant difference (P<0.001). The majority of the students (90%) believed that the use of software has been useful.Conclusion: The use of educational games in the classroom leads to an increase in the students' grades and the satisfaction of the students with the quality of instruction. Accordingly, using technology in educational system is recommended.

Background: Computers are an integral part of the workplace, especially among the office workplace.The risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) among users of computers is high.The purpose of the present study is to investigating the impact of health education program on applying the ergonomic principles among health care providers who work with computer in the comprehensive health centers which geographically located in the eastern regions of Tehran, Iran.Methods and Materials: This study will be a semi-experimental (Field Trial) in which a multi-stage sampling method will be used to apply two groups of intervention and control. To do this procedure, among 12 comprehensive health centers in the east region of Tehran, six centers will be selected as the control group and six centers as the intervention group. The data collection tool will include a Nordic questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire to assess knowledge, attitude and behavior of the participants regarding ergonomic principles while working with computers. The educational program in the intervention group will be composed of three one-hour sessions. Data will be collected at the beginning of the study and three months after intervention from both groups and will be analyzed through using chi-square, T-test and paired T- test by SPSS version 21.