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سال:1399 | دوره:25 | شماره:2 |تعداد مقالات:8

Esophageal cancer (EC) is categorized histologically to two common groups; adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas, with high incidence and mortality worldwide. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most prevalent (more than 90%) form of all EC cases in Golestan province. Golestan province, as the high-risk province for ESCC, is located in the eastern part of the Caspian littoral area of Iran, although in the last decades, the occurrence rates have decreased in this area. Tobacco smoking, opium consumption, low oral hygiene, drinking hot liquids, insufficient intake of fresh fruits and vegetables, and poor socioeconomic status increase the risk of ESCC in Golestan, although exposure to infections and toxic chemical compounds are also reported. Here, we summarize the previous epidemiological studies from 1970 to 2019 that have investigated the risk factors involved in ESCC in this high-risk area. More prospective cohort studies are required to assess the risk factors, categorize highrisk peoples, and evaluate early detection and involved mechanisms.

Background: Many trials studied green tea extract for its flavonoid antioxidant effects on the liver function (liver enzymes) and fatty liver status (serum lipid levels) in patients suffering from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, the effects of pure epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was assessed here as the most potent flavonoid of green tea in such patients. Materials and Methods: This was a pilot study in which 33 patients with NAFLD were assigned to consume EGCG capsules (390 mg) daily for 12 weeks. Fasting blood sugar, liver enzymes, and lipid profiles were monitored at baseline a nd at the end of the trial. Results: The studied group showed significant decreases in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels at the end of trial (p < 0. 01). The women showed more significant decreases in these enzymes (ALT: p < 0. 01, AST: p < 0. 001). No statistically significant differences were observed in total cholesterol, High-density lipoproteins C (HDL-C), Low-density lipoproteins C (LDL-C), Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and Triglyceride (TG) levels at the end of the trial (p > 0. 05). Conclusion: According to our results and also recent reports about the positive impact of green tea polyphenol EGCG on liver function and fatty liver status in patients with NAFLD, the daily use of pure EGCG may improve the level of liver enzymes in such patients.

Placement of prophylactic pancreatic duct (PD) stents is a strategy to reduce the rate and severity of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) in high-risk patients. However, PD stents do not completely eliminate the risk of PEP. Most previous studies have shown the positive effects of PD stents on PEP reduction, especially in high-risk ERCP procedures. Here, we report seven cases of severe post-ERCP pancreatitis associated with PD stents. Needle knife cannulation technique following PD stenting was used for all cases. The PD stent that was used was a polytetrafluoroethylene, 5-Fr polyethylene single pigtail unflanged plastic PD stent (Endo-Flex GmbH, Voerde). The PD stent was inserted successfully with the first attempt and the least trauma to the pancreatic duct. In fact, the present article describes our experience of the successful placement of PD stent, but post-ERCP pancreatitis was diagnosed according to Cotton’ s criteria in all the patients. Because of the long hospitalization more than 10 days for each case, the intensity of pancreatitis in all cases was considered severe.

Background: Considering the prevalence of COVID-19 worldwide, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal problems (anorexia, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting) in patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal problems in patients with COVID-19 using Systematic Review and Meta-analysis methodology. The search was conducted independently by two researchers on international databases, including Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, PubMed/Medline, and Google Scholar Search Engine. Keywords included “ Vomiting” , “ Anorexia” , “ Diarrhea” , “ Nausea” , “ SARS-CoV-2” , and “ COVID-19” . Data were analyzed using STATA statistic software. Results: The total sample size was 3602 patients. Initially, 1456 studies were included in the study, which reached 33 articles after the final screening. Regarding the prevalence of gastrointestinal problems in patients, the prevalence rate of diarrhea was 6% (95% CI: 0. 06 [0. 04, 0. 08]), anorexia was13% (95% CI: 0. 13 [0. 03, 0. 24]), nausea and vomiting was 4% (95% CI: 0. 04 [0. 03, 0. 05]), and pharyngalgia was 16% (95% CI: 0. 16 [0. 02, 0. 30]). Conclusion: The results of this study can be used as a guideline for clinical professionals.

A 77-year-old man with a history of gastric lymphoma developed fever 7 days after total gastrectomy. His medical history was unremarkable, and no cardiac abnormality was noted in the perioperative cardiologic consultation. On his physical examination, the oral temperature was 38. 8 ° C. Other physical exams, including the chest and abdomen, were not significant...