مطالعات شهر ایرانی اسلامی
سال:1391 | دوره:3 | شماره:9 |تعداد مقالات:19

Tehran mega city as a capital of country has different functions. The interference in central fabric of this city is very adventurous, long time for doing, complicated and sensitive. This matter was interested for urban planners and urban designers. Interference in eroded fabric of Tehran city brings out the way of rehabilitation and intervention so with carrying out a project of renovation in the corner of this fabric will be diffuse to the other parts of fabric.The information of this research collected by observation, photography, necessary maps, interviews and complete questionnaires and analyze them with descriptive-analytic method and AIDA technique. The results show that the role of the people factors in rehabilitation and renovation-Participative renovation-in eroded fabric is more serious than the other factors in the quarter. In other words, the presence and role of the people must be noted in certainty of renovation.al and religious Mosalas, the sensitivity of the design space than ever before digging. In this article after checking documents and ancient religious tradition and contemporary Mosala efforts is matter of discretion with the use of architectural models expressed in the realization of the principles of the hadith is introduced and analyzed. In this regard, 5 principles legal Mosala location outside the city, the difference in round trip, not to permit any construction, there are prayer and outdoor supreme buffer base and discuss their implementation patterns are located. These principles have been considered the most historic Mosala, whereas contemporary Mosala design principles had yet to be discussed comprehensively. The results of the paper show that principles and fundamentals of design and building of Mosalas in contemporary Iranian architecture, have to take a meaningful steps to meet Islamic Iranian believes.

Historical heritages are as one of the most important city areas with inheritance and identity accounts in Iran; in addition, million citizens are settled in these places. These heritages are unsustainable and vulnerable against earthquake. Operational programs of community-based approach consistence using social capitals and correct planning before occurrence of disasters and providing crisis management projects about disasters can decrease considerable amount of losses and injuries. Generally, by identifying available capitals and social groups in neighborhoods, the amount of losses after earthquake can decrease by participation through risk reduction programs in neighborhoods. Afterwards, this research has accomplished with the aim of evaluation social capitals role in risk reduction of cities from earthquake by descriptive method and analysis of quantitative information. It has utilized librarian method and survey for collecting data. Statistic community of research consists of resident household in Fahadan zone and the number of cases has been 300 people. Reliability of survey is confirmed from Cronbach’s alpha (86%) and the stability has been approved by experts. Analysis of data is accomplished by using Pearson correlation in SPSS. Results show that the amount of people tendency for cooperating in earthquake risk reduction programs have positive relation with people participation, social communication and resident’s confidence to existent groups in zone.

In order to demonstrate the historical image of a city, historical texts and field surveys are usually used. Field surveys and archeological excavations seem to be the only accessible options when there is a shortage of reliable sources and written texts. The question raised in this study is: How can the historical evolution of a city be described before any archeological surmise if there are no reliable historical texts.The purpose of this article is to show the gradual formation of urban texture on the basis of the urban morphology. The historical city of Boshruyeh has been studied by using the descriptive-analytic method. In this regard the historical image of this city has been portrayed by considering the literature and particularly Norberg-Schulz's theory, on three levels: the typological, topological and morphological study of its courtyards using aerial photograph and Geographical Information System (GIS) analysis.

Anahita temple which is located in Kangavar, Kermanshah is a unique historical masterwork in Iran that is the most magnificent stone buildings before Islamic era. In ancient Iranian culture Anahita temples have had special place of success, and the remaining of them can be seen in many cities of Iran.Because of passing the time and accidents that have occurred in length of history, many masterworks have been built on top of these buildings that caused the vital and key parts of these buildings have been ruined. There is no sign of construction starting time, objects of constructions and name of builders of this building and so there exist some doubts about application of this historical masterwork.The object of this study was to assess the construction starting time of Anahita temple based on archaeology data, literature reviews, writer's and researcher's field studies of this site. The events and alterations before Islamic and after Islamic eras, have been studied in this site.In this study the position of Water Goddess (Anahita) has been described in Iranian culture and the application of Anahita temple and its binding records and documents have been founded.At the end, the conclusions of final findings of writers and some comments of other researchers and experts about the historical antecedent and application of Anahita temple have been cited.

Sasanians are inevitably one of the most sensational periods of Iranian history, culture and civilization. The Dynasty's empire started by the time of Ardashir papkan's Coronation in 226 A.D. The empire was built based on thoughtfulness, civilization and culture of the previous Persian empires. The religious essence of this dynasty is absolutely revealed to everyone, so according to the importance of Culture and artificial aspect perusal of a society in its artworks, the importance of study of artwork and Chahar-taqi remains of the period is indispensible, furthermore, different empires have always considered the significant of this city because of its geographical location (center of Iran) but unfortunately because of insufficient number of artworks and buildings related to Islamic period, it has been undervalued by researchers if this period. So this expedition has been started by two goals; first to study the number and types of different Chahar-taqi in Isfahan and evaluating their sprawl among the city. Six Chahar-taqi which are named; Nakhlak, Qale daar, Shirkooh, Natanz, Khorramdasht, Niaasar Found in this province, have been scrutinized in this article. Some of this Chahar-taqis had been studid before and other ones are being introduced and analyzed for the first time. These Chahar-taqis are devided into two types; Simple and complex which Shirkooh, Qaledaar and Khoramdasht are placed in complex type because of having other architectural structures in their environment. And the other 3, Nakhlak, Natanz, Niaasar are completely single, and belong to Simple Chahar-taqis.e social system is able to organize itself to enhance its capacity from previous experiences to better future protection and to improve risk reduction measures.At this article, systematic approach of capacity evaluation model is used. It tries to determine proposed components and dimensions of Islamic resilient cities by presentation of connection between resiliency, vulnerability and adaptation capacity and also studied frameworks and models around the world.

Nowadays, with the development of the modern world and population growth, urban sprawl, and the formation of new towns and peripheral, less attention has been paid to the issue of identity, the sense of place, and city residents or they have been completely forgotten.One of the issues that threatens identity is the Globalization and Global Village, which eliminated all traditional boundaries and led eventually to the point where a person can be awarded anywhere; While in situation as such, the person does not belong to any of the places he will go away and his or her place identity is destroyed. Thus, society will turn into a cultural space without identity, dignity and becomes more complex.The social context, in this case, of unidentified space, which is nowhere, sets to become into social life context, and the relation existed between place, culture and identity may be confused, whereas, by creating a sense of place and identity, it is possible to build and strengthen the person's belonging sense to a specific location or society. This research has in this field studied and emphasized on the aspects of the urban landscape.To get the study objective, this research has studied the issue of urban identity from the perspective urban landscape and urban landscape elements such as urban furniture, landscaping, walls, urban spaces, trails, urban development, urban art, lighting, and the various social and cultural factors well have been directly involved.In this study, qualitative research methods, and the correlation methods for deriving documents and proof of identity and urban landscape factors are used. It can be concluded from the discussions in this section of the town where there is less visual disturbance, and the visual elements of the city enjoy a good proportion of visual landscape, residents have relatively more sense of belonging and they can improve the city's identity.

Designing cities is in fact designing human life; therefore, it should correspond to present and future demands, specifications and ideology of its residents with regard to the existance and life meaning. Therefore, the aim of designng an urban system along with achieving sustainable development is beyond accountability to the people's and society's basic and material needs. Then, it is essential to find the attitude of society toward self, group-guild and society from antropological and sociological perspectives in order to identify urban gaps and anomalies along with their solutions in the first step.Studying needs-based differences in thinking style and type in different regions of city of Tehran, as a metropolitan reference in Iran, has been the main objective of research on social needs assessment in this city.This study was conducted as a survey in which two methods of qualitative interview, in the first stage, and questionnaire in the second stage were used.Statistical analyses which were done in this study showed a significant relationship in different groups in six urban regions. These analyses indicated lack of polarization in the society in terms of demand types for future; however, the selection manner for fulfilling needs and source of need generation, which oversee people's selection at present, indicated beliefs and class attitudes of residents in different urban regions toward ways for fulfilling their needs.

Paying less attention to the authenticity of historic textures causes a serious damage to local community heritages. Although the concept of authenticity has been used in the urban planning literature in recent decades, but very few studies have examined and assessed the criteria of authentic urban planning. The main objective of this article is to extract functional criteria for depicting the authenticity from comprehensive and interdisciplinary studies. This research, using an inductive-dituctive research method in urban planning and social sciences fields of study, introduces three criteria: preserving and enhancing place identity, non-attendance to anti-authenticity approaches and paying attention to authentic urban planning strategies. Each of these criterion are devided into some sub-criteria. Responding to community needs and presenting frameworks and holistic functions are the two criteria of authentic urban planning. ‘Form follows fiction’, ‘fear’ and ‘finance’ are the anti-authenticity criteria; form follows fiction means that copying form from other places and from oter times to present, and form follows fear refers to racial and financial desegregations as effects of urban development plans. Also presenting holistic frameworks and action plans are necessary for preserving the authenticity of urabn development plans. Because of these holistic plans, there is possibility for adopting plans and policies in the endless process of responding to the variable needs. In this study, after introducing those criteria, the authenticity of Imam Ali Square revililazation plan is assessed using an AHP method. The result of this assessment indicates that although this plan is reasonable to be authentic but it isn't desirable enough for abstaining from anti-authenticity approaches.

The urban is human habitat, environment and origins of human civilization and social context, so it is a few components status that has land traits, structures and physical spaces for residents, citizens, social institutions, norms and institutional relations of its citizens. According to this definition of the city, only the mosques, domes and minarets in the context of a City couldn't mean that the city is an Islamic City, the Islamic City is spatial display and the social structure that based on Islamic ideals, has entered forms of communication and its decorative elements.Manifestations of Islamic civilization has been made in Islamic cities and it has the specific identity of spatial, cultural and historical that his characteristics associated with Islam and is rooted of the Quran and the tradition. In these cities is observed inherent, overall and structural relationships between religion and urban artifact space relationships and personal and social.Accordingly, this research is intended with using of a descriptive-analytical method and considering the elements of the Islamic city and social, economic, cultural characteristics. The goal of this research is to express that only the presence of physical features such as domes and minarets, couldn't provide an Islamic city. So the SWOT model present strategies that can somewhat close to our cities to their true origin.