The results of an empirical research based on a sample of the citizens of Tehran, Mashhad, and Yazd indicate that they hold negative attitudes towards the distributive, legal and opportunity dimensions of political equality in political atmosphere of Iran, though their attitudes toward the participatory dimension is positive. The citizens also feel negatively with regard to political equality in total. Secondly, a strong and positive relationship between political equality and the legitimacy of the state was found. The mentioned relationship implies that the legitimacy of state is positively affected by the commitment of the state officials to the principles of equality and citizenship. The renovation of the different dimensions of the state legitimacy (including political loyalty, political commitment, the approval of the rightness, and the idea that constitutional law fulfills public interests) depends on peoples attitudes toward the renovation and improvement of the situation with regard to four dimensions of political equality (participatory, distributive, legal, and opportunity equalities).