Background and objectives: Cardiovascular disease is one of the most important causes of mortality worldwide. The present study aimed to compare two different cardiac rehabilitation protocols on ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 1 (ABCG1) lymphocyte expression and blood lipid profile in middle-aged men undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods: Forty five middle-aged men who had previously undergone coronary artery bypass surgery were randomly divided into three groups of control (C; n=15), aerobic training (AT; n=15) and combined training (CT; n=15). Blood samples were taken before the first and after the last exercise sessions. After isolation of mononuclear cells using Ficoll and mRNA purification, gene expression changes were examined by real-time PCR. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests. Results: Eight weeks of training intervention resulted in a significant increase in ABCG1 expression as well as a significant decrease in plasma levels of LDL, triglyceride and total cholesterol in both training groups. However, there was no significant difference between the AT and CT groups. In addition, high-density lipoprotein was significantly increased in the AT and CT groups. Conclusion: Both AT and CT can increase plasma LDL and increase ABCG1 expression and HDL concentrations, indicating the positive effects of both interventions on the prevention of atherosclerosis.

Background: Expression of ATB-binding cassette (ABC) transporters couldbecorrelated withdrugresistanceandtreatment failures like recurrence in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The relation of ABC gene expression and relapse in ALL is still unclear. This might be important especially in regions with a high rate of relapse. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the role of ABCG1, ABCG2, and ABCB1 gene expression in the recurrence of Iranian pediatric patients with ALL. Methods: Iranian pediatric patients with confirmed ALL were enrolled in this study as two groups; relapsed ALL and a control group consisting of 3 years relapse-free survival (RFS). Real Time-PCR was done with GAPDH for expressing ABCG1, ABCG2, and ABCB1 transporter genes. Cumulative doses of VCR (vincristine), DNR (daunorubicin), and L-ASP (L-asparaginase) were calculated for each patient. The gathered data were analyzed with SPSS version 22 and REST 2009 software. Results: Total of 39 samples (23 cases; 16 controls) were enrolled during 26 months. High expression of ABCG1 (P value = 0. 0068), ABCG2 (P value = 0. 0120) and low expression of ABCB1 (P value = 0. 0029) related with conferring increased risk of relapse in the patients. The mean relative folds of expressions were 2. 3, 1. 8, and 1. 07 for ABCG1, ABCG2, and ABCB1, respectively. In addition achieved expression pattern was related to high doses of VCR, DNR, and L-ASP. Conclusions: Designed expression pattern have the predictive value for estimating of conferring relapse in Iranian pediatric patients with diagnosed ALL.

Introduction The present study purposed to investigate the effect of combined exercise and cardiac rehabilitation in mononuclear cells on ABCG1 gene expression in middle-aged men after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Materials and Methods The statistical population of this study was 30 middle-aged male patients who previously had coronary artery bypass surgery. The subjects were randomly assigned into two groups: control (C; n=15), combined training (endurance and resistance training, ERT; n=15). Blood draws occurred prior to and after training sessions. After isolating monoclonal cell lines using ficoll and purifying mRNA, gene expression changes were done using Real-Time PCR. Data were analyzed by repeated sampling (SPSS software version 16). Results Eight weeks of combined exercise resulted in a significant increase in mRNA expression of the ABCG1 gene in ERT group compared to the C group. Conclusion Combined training as a part of the cardiac rehabilitation process in the patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery, by affecting the expression of the ABCG1 gene in the lipid metabolism, appears to augment the process of reverse cholesterol transfer.