Background: Elderly people are in need of several drugs due to physiological changes and multiple chronic diseases. Studies have shown that Anticholinergic drugs can cause cognitive impairment, reduced physical activity, and increased mortality in elderly population. Paying attention to the Anticholinergic medication use in older adults can prevent the occurrence of adverse events and increase the quality of health care. This study was conducted to quantify exposure to Anticholinergic medicines in older people in Amirkola. Methods: This study is a part of the comprehensive cohort project that was being conducted from 2011 on the case patients of 60 years and above that referred to the Amirkola Health Center. A total of 1532 individuals were included, of whom 54. 9% were men. The drug information was obtained by observing the patient’, s prescription and self-report questionnaires and collected data were analyzed by SPSS software. Exposure to Anticholinergic medications was measured using the drug burden index-Anticholinergic (DBI-Ach) and the Anticholinergic drug scale (ADS). Results: Among the 1532 elderly people with an average age of 69. 21 years, 29% had DBI>0 and 36. 3% had ADS>0. Also, there was a significant correlation between DBI and ADS (R=0. 758). In addition, there is a significant relationship between sex variable with DBI and ADS (P=0. 0001). So, women in comparison with men had higher values of DBI and ADS. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that Anticholinergic exposure is relatively high especially in older women, which posed special precautions to avoid inappropriate prescribing in the elderly.

Introduction: The most frequent dementia is senile dementia or Alzheimer disease. Meanwhile, Anticholinergic drugs can potentially modify the risk factors. As different studies have achieved dissimilar results and the clinical findings of these interventions have not been conclusive, the objective of this research will be to evaluate the effect of Anticholinergic drugs on the risk of dementia.  Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis with no language limitation will search WoS, EMBASE, and MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest electronic databases, and Grey Literature between December 15, 1988, and December 15, 2021. Our search strategy with suitability criteria covers cohort, case-control, nested case-control, randomized, and non-randomized clinical trial studies evaluating the effect of Anticholinergic drugs on the risk of dementia. Two authors will independently implement the selection phase, data extraction, and quality assessment. The reviewers will evaluate the risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa, Cochrane risk of bias tool and ROBINS-I (risk of bias in non-randomized studies - of interventions)  quality assessment scale. We will conduct a meta-analysis with a random or fixed effect model according to the severity of methodological heterogeneity. The results will be presented via the forest plot for the final studies’ data composition, demonstrating the separated and combined frequency and their corresponding 95% CIs, summary tables, and narrative summaries.  Conclusion: The results of different studies in this field are various. This study’s findings and other studies will help physicians and other health professionals before prescribing these drugs. Older people, especially those with polypharmacy, should be carefully assessed for the risk of dementia, Alzheimer or a variety of cognitive disorders.

Background: Barberry (Berberris vulgaris) is a well known medicinal plant in Iran and has also been used as food.Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate antihistaminic and Anticholinergic activity of methanolic extract of barberry fruit.Methods: Methanolic extract was prepared and pharmacologically studied on isolated guinea- pig ileum, dose- response curves of histamine and acetylcholine with and without methanolic extract were plotted.Results: The pA2 values for antihistaminic activity of methanolic extract and dexchlorpheniramine were calculated (extract; pA2± S.E.M = 3.53±0.16 [-logC(g/l)]; dexchlorpheniramine; pA2 ± S.E.M.= 9.36±0.14 ([-logC (M)]) and compared with each other. The pA2 values of Anticholinergic activity of methanolic extract and atropine were also calculated (extract; pA2± S.E.M = 4.18 ± 0.17 [-logC(g/1)]; atropine, PA2 +S.E.M = 8.99 ± 0.13 [-logC(M)]) and compared.Conclusion: The results indicated antihistaminic and Anticholinergic activity of methanolic extract.