Widespread immigrant beekeeping activity, inadequate quality queen bee production AND the excess of uncontrolled crossbreeding are great problems for the quality of honey bee RACES in Türkiye. However, the effects of uncontrolled crossbreeding on the spermatological parameters are not fully known. In this study, samples were analyzed in terms of morphometric parameters such as cubital index, hantel index AND discoidal shift. Drones belonging to the same colonies were investigated in terms of spermatological parameters such as total motility, Plasma Membrane Integrity (PMI), Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP) AND spermatozoa concentration (SCON). The wing index values of the samples were similar to the wing values of some RACES. Racial similarities rates were50% Caucasian (A. m. caucacia), 49% Anatolian (A. m. anatoliaca), 24% Brown (A. m. mellifera), 13% Italian (A. m. ligustica) AND 8% Carnolian (A. m. carnica). These results showed that the expected Anatolian race in the region had changed greatly AND there is a danger of crossbreeding of bee RACES (Apis mellifera anatoliaca) in Central Anatolia Region. The averages of spermatological parameters were 85% motility, 82% PMI, 78% MMP AND 5.9 × 109/ml sperm concentration. In addition, no significant correlative relationship was found between morphometric AND spermatological parameters (p˃0.05). In this study, the samples of honey bee colonies in the Central Anatolia Region showed rANDom AND uncontrolled crossbreeding among different RACES. The spermatological parameters were found to be sufficient for fertility but there was no significant relationship detected statistically between the spermatological AND morphometric parameters.

The central issue of the present paper is the study of the causes of the mother tongue decline in the Sahne city in Kermanshah province. The issue of language is beyond the dialect of people AND is refer to the form of life AND the matter of macroeconomic AND political relations. From this perspective, the form of life AND the language associated with it explain the praxis of the members of the society. The appropriate method of examining the problem should be able to analyze the justification of agents to their situation, that is why Grounded Theory is chosen as the method of this research AND data analysis is taken from abduction reasoning. The results of the analysis introduced the categories of globalizing, modernizing, de-use of language, economic necessity AND the government as the most important factors of local language fading. In this essay the meaning of globalization is the globalizing of special type of economic relation that explain other categories role in the process of fading of LANGUAGES.

پس از گسترش اسلام و پذیرش آن از طرف اقوام مختلف، فرهنگ اسلامی بستری برای احترام متقابل میان اقوام وملت­ ها شد و شعر عربی نیز به جای ترویج نخوت قبیله­ ای، به ترسیخ أخوت ایمانی پرداخت؛ اما در جامعة اسلامی و دنیای عرب، پس از فاصله گرفتن تدریجی از سرچشمه های تبعیض زدای دین، و به دنبال پیدایش دوبارة تعصّبات قبیله­ ای پیش از اسلام، به ویژه در دورة عباسی، از یک سو نحله هایی چون شعوبیه، در واکنش به بی­ عدالتی شاهان موسوم به خلفا، به ذکرمعایب عرب ها پرداختند و در عکس­ العملی مشابه، برخی عرب های متعصّب نیز به تحقیر دیگر ملل اسلامی چون ایرانیان و کردها پرداختند. البته سهم کردها در این میان، مضاعف بود؛ از طرفی به دلیل ایرانی بودن، می بایست تاوان شعوبی گری برخی ایرانیان را بپردازند و از جهتی دیگر، به دلیل انتساب به «ماد»ها از تیر تحقیر برخی از ایرانیان باستان گرا بی نصیب نماندند. در این پژوهش برای پاسخ به این پرسش که در شعر کلاسیک عربی، چه تصویری از کردها ارائه شده­ است؟ بررسی جوانب گوناگون سیمای کُرد در شعر کلاسیک عربی از جمله مدح و نکوهش شخصیت­ های کرد، اشاره به نسب و نژاد کردها، بررسی شده­ است و نتایج آن نشان می دهد که تعداد قابل توجهی از این تصویرها، متأثر از درگیری های میان شعوبیه و عرب های متعصّب، چهره ای منفی و گاه خرافی از کردها را نشان می دهند. در برخی دیگر، شاهد تمجید از شخصیت های مهم و اثر گذار کرد هستیم؛ اما همراه با تجاهل یا انتحال نسبشان. در موارد اندکی نیز شاهد تصویر واقعی همراه با همدلی نسبت به کردها هستیم که موارد اخیر بیشتر به دلیل گسترش ارتباطات وبالا رفتن سطح آگاهی­ های عمومی وبه هم خوردن معادلات منطقه­ ای ونیز قرار گرفتن کردها در شرایط مشابه با دیگر ملت­ های خاورمیانه بوده­ است.

One may say that The Open Society AND Its Enemies (OS) offered in 1945 the first complete elaboration of the general approach proposed by Karl Popper, namely his ‘critical rationalism’, a bold generalization of the fallibilist falsificationism in the domain of the empirical sciences masterly proposed in Logik der Forschung (1934). The political content of The OS has been critically discussed. Nevertheless, not all people insist on the equally important moral dimension of the book, giving it its unity, I submit. Without morality, no critical discussion, no reason, no open society, let us say in a nutshell. I would argue that according to Popper, a strictly Christian morality of love would not be the appropriate emotional companion of critical rationalism, but that the less demANDing moral emotion of sympathy or compassion is perhaps necessary to give it its force against violence. I give some support to this line of argument. In my view, Popper proposed a somewhat unarticulated critical rationalist ‘emotivism’ of sorts. The emotion of compassion is necessary for triggering our moral decisions AND values, which are the ultimate basis of the choice for a reason against violence.

تنقسم بلاد العرب - بسبب الظروف الطبیعیة إلی قسمین کبیرین یختلفان اختلافا متباینا فی الحیاة عامة، و تبعا لذلک ینقسم سکانها إلی قسمین أیضا هما الجنوبیون فی الیمن المتحضرون و هم القحطانیون أو الحمیریون، و الشمالیون فی الحجاز الذین یعیشون معیشة بداوة و هم العدنانیون و هذه الظروف التی سببت اختلاف حیاتهم لاشک و لاریب سببت اختلاف لغتهم.فالقحطانیون و العدنانیون شعبان عرفهما التاریخ و خلفا لنا من لغتیهما نصوصا لا تقبل شکاولا جدالا و اذا اخضعنا هذه النصوص للدرس العلمی فنستخلص من هذا الدرس نتائج مختلفة فی اللغة و الادب و التاریخ ایضا، و العلماء اللغویون القدماء کانوا یرون أن لسان قحطان غیر لسان عدنان و إنما کانوا یقولون إن العرب العدنانیین اخذوا عربیتهم من القحطانیین، و لکنهم لم یحاولوا معرفة لغة قحطان، و کان ابوعمرو بن العلاء مطمئنا الی وجود اختلاف جوهری بین العربیة و الحمیریة، لکن المستشرقین المحدثین وفقوا الی اکتشاف اللغة القطحانیة بل وفقوا الی اکتشاف اللغات القحطانیة و هی اللغة الحمیریة و السبئیة و المعینیة و عنوا باللغة الحمیریة خاصة فعرفوا نحوها و صرفها فکانت النتیجة ان الحمیریة لغة و العربیة الفصحی لغة اخری و اذا کانت اللغة الحمیریة تختلف عن اللغة العدنانیة فنحن بإزاء لغتین کانت احداهما فی شمال الجزیرة العربیة و هی هذه التی نسمیها لغة القرآن و الثانیة کانت فی الجنوب و هی هذه التی تمثلها النصوص الحمیریة و السبئیة و المعینیة.و هذا المقال یعنی بنص او نصین لتبیین الفروق الأساسیة بین القحطانیة أو الحمیریة و بین الفصحی أو لغة القرآن الکریم.

Due to having spring AND autumn genotypes AND adaptation to weather conditions, rapeseed is considered as a point hope to provide edible oil of country. Two separate experiments were set up as split-plot in a RCBD design with three replications in two fall AND winter seasons during two years (2014-2015 AND 2015-2016) at the research field of Seed AND Plant Improvement Institute to investigate the effect of sowing season AND date on the quantitative AND qualitative yields of rapeseed genotypes in Karaj, Iran. In this study, the main plots were sowing dates (7, 17, AND 27 October in fall sowing AND 9 AND 19 February, AND 1 March in winter sowings) AND sub-plots consisted of genotypes (RGS003, Dalgan, Zabol10, Hyola401, AND Hyola4815). Rapeseed genotypes grain AND oil yields were 4330 AND 1840 kg ha-1 in fall sowing, respectively, while these traits were decreased 43.3 AND 46.6% respectively, when rapeseed genotypes were planted in winter season. The highest grain AND oil yields (5033 AND 2202 kg ha-1) belonged to 7 October sowing date in fall sowing, while 9 February had the highest grain AND oil yields (2996 AND 1248 kg ha-1) in winter sowing. In general, the Dalgan genotype is recommended for cultivation due to suitable agronomic traits such as number of silique per plant, number of grain per silique, silique length, 1000-grain weight, as well as high grain AND oil yields in cold temperate regions with arid AND semi-arid climates such as Karaj, Iran.

ABSTRACT Despite a wide range of components AND criteria affecting travel behavior presented through empirical research, the results of these studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components AND criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different physical developments affect travel behavior due to the DIFFERENCES in various physical developments. The required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, AND Koye Golestan in Tehran, Iran, as the old, conventional, AND new neighborhoods, respectively. ANOVA test was exerted to analyze the significant difference between different development patterns in three neighborhoods. Dunnett's T3 was applied to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test AND regression analysis, it was discovered that factors such as car ownership, dependence AND pro-liking for private cars, density AND access to educational centers AND parks, access to medical AND service centers, AND variety AND density of retail stores had been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the DIFFERENCES in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a residence, dependence, AND pro-liking for other than a private car, having a license, number of children under five years old, AND age have influenced travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods. Extended Abstract Introduction Finding factors affecting travel behavior has been one of the main concerns of transportation planners. However, in the last two decades, the importance of the influence of the features of the built environment, including lAND use, along with demographic-economic characteristics, travel behavior, AND attitudes of people, has been raised by urban planners. Studies seek to find factors affecting travel behavior, especially lAND use characteristics. Despite presenting a wide range of components AND criteria affecting travel behavior, the results of the studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components AND criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different physical developments affect travel behavior due to the DIFFERENCES in various physical developments. In order to do this, it must first be determined whether the study areas/different development patterns have a significant difference in terms of travel behavior or not. In case of a positive answer to the previous question, the following question is which study areas caused this difference. The next question arises: -Which physical AND non-physical characteristics affect travel behavior due to distinctions between different development patterns?   Methodology The present research method is analytical AND experimental based on quantitative methods. This research chose the frequency of travel by private car, public transportation, AND walking as the travel behavior. According to the research's purpose, indicators AND criteria affecting travel behavior were extracted after reviewing the theoretical AND experimental literature. Then, the required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, AND Koye Golestan as the old, conventional, AND new neighborhoods, respectively. The questionnaire was compiled as a Likert scale in five parts of travel information, demographic-economic characteristics, perceptual characteristics of lAND use, travel habits, AND access preferences of people in choosing their residence. ANOVA test was used to analyze the significant difference between different groups of a characteristic (here, different development patterns or the three case studies). Dunnett T3 was exerted to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test AND regression analysis, it was discovered which factors affecting travel behavior were due to the DIFFERENCES in study areas AND which factors affect travel behavior regardless of development patterns.   Results AND discussion This research aims to identify the factors affecting travel behavior due to the DIFFERENCES in development patterns. In this regard, the findings in line with the first research question show that the frequency of three modes of travel, by private car, transportation, AND pedestrian, differ significantly in the three neighborhoods. Furthermore, ANOVA test results depict that there is a significant difference between these three neighborhoods in terms of factors affecting travel behavior, such as perceptually environmental characteristics of the neighborhood, dependence AND pro-liking for personal cars, variety AND density of retail stores, density AND access to educational units AND parks, access to medical AND service centers, AND car ownership. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test with the regression analysis assessing the relationship between physical AND non-physical factors (the same indicators in the same study areas) with travel behavior, the factors affecting travel behavior owing to different development patterns were identified. Factors such as car ownership, dependence AND pro-liking for private cars, density AND access to educational units AND parks, access to medical AND service centers, AND variety AND density of retail stores have been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the DIFFERENCES in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a place of residence, dependence, AND pro-liking for other than a private car, having a certificate, number of children under five years old, AND age have influenced on travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods (different physical development patterns).   Conclusion In In order to discover the factors affecting travel behavior due to the DIFFERENCES in patterns of physical development, this research has provided a more detailed analysis of the factors affecting travel behavior. It has achieved more accurate components than previous studies in this regard. Detailed analysis of studies related to travel behavior AND finding the main components affecting it, considering the extent of variables AND data, can pave the way for professionals in transportation planning AND urban planning, in addition to providing detailed methods AND criteria in the related literature.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization AND writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript AND agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Lactation length is different in individual cows, which is generally converted to a 305-day stANDard using curve fitting models for genetic AND management practices. Individual curves do not have a stANDard shape in all cases, AND can deviate from the stANDard pattern according to factors such as individual DIFFERENCES, AND type of fitted models. These non-stANDard curves, called atypical, resulted from incorrect estimated parameters of the curves; which consist of: continuously increasing or decreasing AND reversed stANDards. This study was conducted to investigate the importance of atypical curves in estimation of 305-day milk production, by fitting two nonlinear models? Wood (empirical) AND Pollott (biological), on 7659 AND 6692 test-day milk yield of 977 AND 776 first calving Iranian Simmental AND Jersey cows, during 2007-2020, using R software. Different patterns obtained based on the combination of increasing (b) AND decreasing (c) phase parameters of curves. The number of stANDard curves from the Pollott AND Wood models were 85.5% AND 62.2% for Simmental, AND 83.1% AND 70.6% for Jersey cows, respectively. Only continuously increasing curves were observed in both breeds in Pollott model (14.8% AND 16.9%, Simmental AND Jersey cows, respectively); Whereas in Wood model, all 3 groups of atypical curves were observed, which the reversed stANDard was the most (22.3% AND 16.5%, Simmental AND Jersey cows, respectively). Based on the findings, at the time of stANDardizing the production of dairy cows (national evaluations), not only DIFFERENCES between breeds, but also special attention to the production of atypical curves, should be paid (to correct or discard them).

The focus of this study is primarily on “the discrepancy in mentality as an important factor affecting family problems AND divorce”. For this purpose, some minor studies were conducted each of which experimentally examined different aspects of mental discrepancy in Iranian families. Almost all of these studies showed that permanent disputes AND divorces resulted from the DIFFERENCES in their world-views, thinkings, AND impressions in their mutual affairs. At last, the theory of Homogamy with two major revisions were used to explain the reasons AND causes of family problems AND divorce which were confirmed in minor studies AND cases.