Tuberculosis is a long-term infection caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Long-term TB treatment has several drawbacks, including medication resistance, noncompliance with therapy, and a scarcity of therapeutic options. It is critical to find new medications that are both safer and more effective. Molecular modification is a valuable method for identifying novel chemicals that can overcome these obstacles. The primary tactics to obtain a novel anti-tubercular medication are summarized in this paper.

The thionamide drugs, i. e. carbimazole and its metabolite methimazole (MMI), and propylthiouracil (PTU) have extensively been used in the management of various forms of hyperthyroidism over the past eight decades. This review aims to summarize different aspects of these outstanding medications. Thionamides have shown their own acceptable efficacy and even safety profiles in treatment of hyperthyroidism, especially GD in both children and adults and also during pregnancy and lactation. Of the antithyroid drugs (ATDs) available, MMI is the preferred choice in most situations taking into account its better efficacy and less adverse effects accompanied by once-daily dose prescription because of a long half-life and similar cost. Considering the more severe teratogenic effects of MMI, PTU would be the selected ATD for treatment of hyperthyroidism during pre-pregnancy months and the first 16 weeks of gestation. Recent studies have confirmed the efficacy and safety of long-term MMI therapy with low maintenance doses for GD and toxic multinodular goiter. Despite the long-term history of ATD use, there is still ongoing debate regarding their pharmacology and diverse mechanisms of action, viz. their immunomodulatory effects, and mechanisms and susceptibility factors to their adverse reactions.

Drugs are especially dangerous products and because of this a very demanding evaluation process is imposed on them before they reach the market. Due to previous episodes in which severe injuries were caused by drugs, such as in the Thalidomide case, nowadays in most legal systems drugs can only enter into the market after a rigorous approval process. At the end of this, a drug may obtain a marketing authorisation (MA) and can then be commercialised and used by patients, although there are some exceptions. ...