ompetency-based medical education (CBME) is a modern and quality-based approach to medical education that aims to attain the trainees’ essential professional, behavioral, and scientific capabilities. Implementing entrustable professional activities (EPA) is the cornerstone and fundamental aspect of CBME, which guarantees the formative development of competence in the trainees and the attainment of quality in the required areas of education. On the other hand, several researches and studies demonstrate with enough data that artificial intelligence can be used to predict different aspects of neurocognition including attitude and professional behaviors,in other words, artificial intelligence can predict the behaviors, movements, decisions, and reasoning in humans to a great extent,its predictive power, of course, depends on the amount of data and the type of processes. Here, we would like to discuss the potential role of artificial intelligence in assessment of medical students in the CBME era.