Precast prestreesed concrete braces are a new method for seismic strength of Concrete Structures which has the following benefits: a) no wet concrete work in construction site b) no bolt or anchorage to the existing frame c) easy to apply d) short construction period e) low construction cost; to evaluate seismic performance of strengthened structure. A model consist of existing frame and concrete braces were created using ABAQUS (nonlinear-finite element) software. Comparison existing and strengthened frame showed that braces are effective in lateral drift decreasing. Study concrete compressive strength on seismic behavior of brace showed that when compression strength of brace is lower than existing frame; retrofitting system has low stiffness and wasn’ t effective in reducing lateral drift. But, in specimen with compressive strength ratio (brace to frame) two times or more, braces showed high strength and stiffness.

The piston is thought to be a standout amongst the most essential parts in a reciprocating engine, reciprocating pumps, gas blowers and pneumatic barrels, among other comparable mechanisms. As most critical part, is that less time is required to outline the cylinder and simply a couple of essential details of the engine. Actually, due to high heat transfer through the piston, the outer shape of the piston crown will be deformed. So due to this problem here computational testing has been performed on ANSYS simulation software with three different materials and observed that stress of piston with ALSI AI alloy has maximum stress of $50.79 Mpa$  piston made of M-124 cast AL composite stress value is $50.54 Mpa$. Furthermore, maximum stress on M-124 forged AL alloy is found to be $50.23 Mpa$ and here observe that in case of deformation, piston made of ALSI AI alloy found to have maximum deformation of $1.06 mm$ and when piston made of M-124 cast AL combination then maximum deformation is $0.88 mm$. What's more, maximum deformation on M-124 forged AL alloy is found to be $0.086 mm$ and here observe that in case of heat flux, piston made of ALSI AI alloy is found to have maximum heat transfer of $3.3 w/mm^2$ is observed. When piston made of M-124 cast AL combination then maximum heat transfer of $3.4 w//mm^2$ and maximum heat flux on M-124 forged AL alloy is found to be $3.6 w/mm^2$. So the aluminium alloy M-124  is the best manufactured composite material So this material is suggested for manufacturing work.

Hot rolling of a large ring of titanium alloy (LRT) is a highly nonlinear incremental forming process with coupled mechanical and thermal behaviors (MTBs) which significantly affect microstructure and properties of the ring. The feed rate of idle roll and the rotational speed of driver roll have major effects on ovality of the ring. In this paper, the effects of these parameters on the ovality of the ring have been investigated by a coupled thermo-mechanical 3D-FEA. The results show that the ovality of ring blank decreases with the increase of the rotational speed of driver roll or the decrease of the feed rate of idle roll. The results obtained can provide a guide for forming parameters optimization.

Statement of Problem: Mechanical failure of ceramic materials is controlled by brittle fracture, mostly occurred in tension. In 3-unit all-ceramic FPDs the connector area is considered to be at fracture risk because of tensile stress concentrations.Purpose: The aim of this FE analysis was to evaluate the effect of taper on stress distribution in all-ceramic FPDs.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study two 3-D finite element models of thee-unit IPS-Empress 2 FPDs replacing mandible second premolar were created by means of finite element software. The digital images were obtained from CT scan of human skull. Abutment was reduced with 12 and 22 degrees of taper. The cement layer, PDL, cancellous bone and cortical bone were also modeled. Frameworks of core material were fabricated. A static load of 100 N was applied at mid pontic area. Resolved stresses were calculated according to the Von Mises criterion and principal stresses.Results: In both models stresses were concentrated at the connectors. The maximum stresses were lower in the model with larger taper. The maximum Von Mises stress was recorded at the connector region of the premolar and the pontic. In model with larger taper the patterns of stresses were also more distributed and less concentrated.Conclusion: The highest Von Mises and principal stress were recorded at the connectors. Tensile stresses developed at the gingival connector of premolar and pontic was higher than molar. The stress level in model with 22-degree taper was lower compare to 12-degree and the stress pattern was more distributed, lowered the risk of concentrations.