Background: It has been reported that sphingosine kinase (SK) 2 plays a role in maintaining metabolism and glucose homeostasis. However, the mechanism remains uncertain. Objectives: The present research aimed to further investigate the effect of SK2 knockout on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and metabolic regulation. Methods: Male SK2-/-and wild-type (WT) control mice were challenged with HFD for 8 weeks. Then, body composition, inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT) histology, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests (IPGTT), and metabolic parameters were examined, and expression levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a key molecular marker of thermogenesis, in IWAT were determined. Results: After 8 weeks of HFD challenge, compared with WT mice, SK2-/-mice displayed decreased whole body, epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT) and IWAT weights, reduced fat/lean body mass ratios and inguinal adipocytes size,also, SK2-/-mice exhibited improved intraperitoneal glucose tolerance. Next, elevated energy expenditure was observed in SK2-/-mice compared with WT mice,however, neither food intake nor physical activity showed obvious difference between SK2-/-and WT mice. Furthermore, we found that the expressions of UCP1 was markedly increased in IWAT from SK2-/-mice. Conclusions: SK2-/-mice may resist HFD-induced obesity through increasing energy expenditure by promoting thermogenesis in the beige adipose tissue.

Reduced third virial coefficients of several gases made of spherical molecules interacting with the HFD - C potential has been Reduced third virial coefficients of several gases made of spherical molecules interacting with the HFD - C potential has been calculated as a function of the reduced temperature. A correlation equation C*(T*) For spherical gases is presented. Theoretical results have been compared with the experimental data for Ar, Kr, Xe, CH4, CF4, and SF6. Furthermore, the values of the compressibility factors have been obtained in the reduced temperature range 1.5 £ T* £ 10 and reduced pressure range 0.02 £ P*£ 1.00. Satisfactory agreement is found between the theoretical and experimental results over the entire temperature and pressure range studied

Background: Physiological effects of obesity are increasingly common in women of reproductive age and are associated with infertility. Obese women have dysfunction in hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, menstrual cycle and are up to three times more likely to have decreased oligo-/anovulation. The purpose of present study was to evaluate the high fat diet on IVM and IVF outcomes in mouse.Materials and Methods: Balb-c mice (21 days of age, n=40) were divided into control and high fat diet groups. Experimental group fed with high fat diet (60% fat) during 12 weeks. After 12 weeks the oocytes obtained and in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) were done according to routine protocols.Results: The results showed significantly decrease in number of oocytes obtained at GV stage in high fat diet group and had weaker expansion as well as fewer oocytes reached to metaphase II stage. IVF results showed that number of MII oocytes in HFD group decreased significantly compared to control group and 30% of them reached to two-cell embryo.Conclusion: Our Findings show that high fat diet causes a significant reduction in differentiated oocytes from GV stage to methaphase II and also reduce the number of two-cell embryos in balb -c mices. It is suggested that in obese women with high body mass index maturation of oocyte and pregnancy rate is lower than normal ones.