BACKGROUND: LIPASE (TRIACYLGLYCEROL HYDROLASE, EC 3.1.1.3) IS ONE OF THE MOST EXTENSIVELY USED ENZYMES THAT CATALYZED THE HYDROLYSIS OF TRIACYL-GLYCEROL TO GLYCEROL AND FATTY ACIDS IN OIL–WATER INTERFACE SYSTEMS [1, 2]. THEREFORE, IT WAS NECESSARY TO IMPROVE THE IMMOBILIZATION STABILITY [3]. IN THE PRESENT STUDIED FOCUSED TOWARDS THE IMMOBILIZATION AND FURTHER TO BE EMPLOYED FOR OLIVE OIL HYDROLYSIS.METHODS: THE ACTIVATION OF HYDROXYL GROUPS OF CLOISITE WAS ACHIEVED BY REACTION WITH TSCL. AFTERWARD; TOSYLATED CLOISITE WAS MODIFIED WITH 4-HYDROXY BENZALDEHYDE. FOR IMMOBILIZATION OF LIPASE, ACTIVATED CLOISITE CONTINUOUSLY STIRRING THE REACTION MEDIUM AND WAS EMPLOYED FOR OLIVE OIL HYDROLYSIS. THE HYDROLYSIS ACTIVITY FOR OLIVE OIL WAS MEASURED BY THE TITRIMETRIC METHOD WITH FEW MODIFICATIONS.RESULTS: IN THIS STUDY THE OPTIMUM PH FOR LIPASE ACTIVITY VARIES, WITH THE ENZYME SPECIES. IN OUR STUDY PH OPTIMUM ACTIVITY OF IMMOBILIZED LIPASES WAS 73%. BECAUSE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY IS OBVIOUSLY TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT, THE CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF IMMOBILIZED LIPASE WAS TESTED AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES (40-80OC), A MAXIMUM OF ACTIVITY WAS RECORDED AT 55OC.CONCLUSION: IN THE PRESENT STUDY, TOSYLATED CLOISITE WAS PREPARED BY MODIFICATION WITH 4-HYDROXY BENZALDEHYDE.

ENZYMECATALYZED POLYMERIZATION REACTIONS IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS HAS BEEN IMPORTANT IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS AND HAS BEEN PROVEN TO BE A NEW METHODOLOGY IN POLYMER SYNTHESIS [1]. CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF ENZYME CATALYSIS AFFORDED NOVEL POLYMERIZATION REACTIONS TO PRODUCE POLYMERS, WHICH ARE OFTEN DIFFICULT TO BE SYNTHESIZED BY CONVENTIONAL POLYMERIZATIONS. ...

BACKGROUND: NOWADAYS, VEGETABLE USED OILS ARE A POTENTIAL RENEWABLE SOURCE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AN ALTERNATIVE FOR PETROLEUM BASED DIESEL FUEL DUE TO THE DIMINISHING PETROLEUM RESERVES AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF EXHAUST GASES FROM DIESEL ENGINES. THE BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM VEGETABLE OILS INVOLVES THE TRANS ESTERIFICATION OF VEGETABLE OILS USING A SHORT CHAIN ALCOHOL IN THE PRESENCE OF A SUITABLE CATALYST OBTAINING A FUEL QUITE SIMILAR TO CONVENTIONAL DIESEL FUEL IN ITS MAIN CHARACTERISTICS [1]. ENZYMATIC BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM RAW VEGETABLE OILS HAS BEEN EXTENSIVELY STUDIED FOR MANY AUTHORS IN THE LAST YEARS [2-4]. IN THIS STUDY, OLIVE OIL WAS USED AS FOR ENZYMATIC BIODIESEL PRODUCTION. THE PURPOSE OF THIS WORK IS TO ANALYZE THE INFLUENCE OF OPERATING PARAMETERS, SUCH AS METHANOL TO OIL MOLAR RATIO, DOSAGE OF ENZYME, REACTION TIME AND ENZYME REUSE ON TRANS ESTERIFICATION PROCESS.METHODS: THE ACTIVATION OF HYDROXYL GROUPS OF CLOISITE WAS ACHIEVED BY REACTION WITH P-TOLUENESULFONYL CHLORIDE. FOR PREPARATION OF AMINATED CLOISITE, TOSYLATED CLOISITE WAS DISPERSED IN A FLASK CONTAINING HEXAMETHYLENE DIAMINE. THE ACTIVATION OF AMINO GROUPS OF THE ACTIVATED CLOISITE WAS ACHIEVED BY REACTION WITH EPICHLOROHYDRIN. FOR IMMOBILIZATION OF LIPASE, ACTIVATED CLOISITE WERE EQUILIBRATED IN PHOSPHATE BUFFER AND TRANSFERRED TO THE SAME FRESH MEDIUM CONTAINING LIPASE. THE ENZYMATIC TRANS ESTERIFICATION REACTIONS WERE CARRIED OUT IN A TEST TUBE CONTAINING 0.1 ML OF OLIVE OIL, 500 MG OF IMMOBILIZED LIPASE AND METHANOL. THE MOLAR AMOUNT OF THE OIL WAS CALCULATED FROM THE ACID VALUE. THE REACTION WAS CARRIED OUT IN AN INCUBATOR AT 50OC DURING 4 H WITH CONSTANT STIRRING.RESULTS: AT THIS STUDY, EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE, REACTION TIME, MOLAR RATIO (METHANOL TO OIL) AND TYPE OF SOLVENT ARE INVESTIGATED. REMARKABLY, THE OPTIMUM REACTION CONDITIONS ARE METHANOL TO OIL MOLAR RATIO OF 10:1, REACTION PERIOD OF 4 H AT 50OC IN N-HEXANE.CONCLUSION: IMMOBILIZED LIPASE CATALYZED BIODIESEL PRODUCTION ALLOWS THE USE OF MILD AND MORE ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY REACTION CONDITIONS. THE RESULTS INDICATED THAT THROUGH THE OPTIMIZATION OF REACTION CONDITIONS, BIODIESEL WAS OBTAINED IN ALMOST 60% AND THERE WAS NO OBVIOUS LOSS IN THE YIELD OF BIODIESEL AFTER BEING CONSECUTIVELY USED FOR SIX CYCLES IN THE TRANS ESTERIFICATION REACTIONS USING IMMOBILIZED LIPASE.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS PREPARATION INDUSTRIAL ENZYME LIPASE FROM INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY.METHODS: BECAUSE DISCUSSED IN THE REVIEW OF THE ENVIRONMENT CULTURE FOR LIPASE ENZYMES WAS INVESTIGATED. DESIGN ENVIRONMENT CULTURE IN THE LABORATORY IS OFTEN COSTLY AND TIME CONSUMING PROCESS WHICH REQUIRES MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTS IS ALSO GENERAL METHODS FOR DESIGNING AN OPTIMAL ENVIRONMENT CULTURE, THE CONCENTRATION OF THE INGREDIENTS OF INDIVIDUALLY OR AT THE SAME TIME BY A FACTOR THIS METHOD CAN ONLY BE GOOD CONCENTRATION FOR EACH FACTOR SEPARATELY ACQUIRED….