Introduction & Objective: Vascular access is a crucial step for performing the hemodialysis. Routinely, any patient undergoing hemodialysis should operate for native Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF). The aim of this study was to determine maturation time of the AVF and its relationship with underlying diseases.Materials & Methods: In a prospective cross-sectional study 87 patients with AVF were evaluated. The side of AVF was Antecubital in all cases. The time between AVF operation and the opening of hemodialysis was considered as maturation time. The relationship between maturation times and Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, history of coronary artery disease (CAD) and renal failure causes were evaluated.Results: 26 patients (29.9%) were female and 61 (70.1%) were male. The mean maturation time was 5.6±2.4 weeks. The mean maturation time in Diabetic and non-Diabetic patients was 6.1±2.4 and 4.9±2.2 weeks, respectively (P=0.016), in CAD and non-CAD patients were 6.8±2.5 and 5.1±2.1 weeks, respectively (P=0.001) and in the groups with middle arterial pressure<110 mmHg and>=110 mmHg were 6.1±2.4 and 3.6±0.8 weeks, respectively (P=0.001). The correlation coefficient between the maturation time and age was 0.453 (P<0.001) which was meaningful. There was no significant relationship between the maturation time and the gender, history of heparin usage at the time of operation. The central vein catheterization and the history of hemodialysis.Conclusions: Our studies showed that the patient's age and underlying diseases such as blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and CAD may affect the maturation time of AVF. That might be helpful if it is taken into consideration before prospective hemodialysis planning.