Background: Common variable immune deficiency (CVID) is the commonest symptomatic primary immunodeficiency and represents a heterogenous collection of disorders resulting mostly in antibody deficiency and recurrent infections. The syndrome includes impaired B-cell maturation, impaired somatic hyper mutation, reduced numbers of circulating memory and isotype-switched memory B cells, and absent or reduced plasma cells. B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is a tumor necrosis family receptor superfamily member 17 (TNFRSF17), expressed only on B cell lines, and is essential for survival of long-lived plasma cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate mutations in BCMA in patients with CVID in compare with normal individuals in Isfahan, Iran.Methods: Blood samples were collected from 10 CVID patients with substitutive immunoglobulin therapy before immunoglobulins (Ig) infusion and 10 normal controls in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes then DNA samples were extracted and after the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done, samples were sequenced.Findings: After reviewing the results of the sequence and alignment of the sequences, no mutations in the gene were seen.Conclusion: In addition to the study of mutation in BCMA gene, BCMA gene and protein expression level should be considered to understand more aspects of this disease.

The reproductive biology of the Neogobius pallasi (Berg, 1916) was examined from Gomishan wetland a period of one year (2006-2007). This species are as important food for economic fish species in Caspian sea, specially for Acipenserid species. Different samples were taken from Gomishan wetland during one-year period of study. At this stage, the number of undifferentiated, previtellogenic stage, vitellogenic stage and postvitellogenic oocytes, and oocytes were counted. The number and diameter of ovary, nucleus and nucleolus were also measured. Data were analyzed using Systat statistical software. Results indicated that Neogobius pallasi was (p <0.05) with respect to the numbers of differentiated and previtellogenic oocytes, and the diameter of chorion layers. GSI measurement showed that peak of sexual maturity in this species occurred in June.

The reproductive biology of the genus Neogobius melanostomus was examined from Gomishan wetland a period of one year (2006-2007). In the present study, one fish species namely N. melanostomus was studied, This species are as important food for economic fish species in caspian sea, specially for Acipenserid species. Different samples were taken from Gomishan wetland during one-year period of study. At this stage, the number of undifferentiated, previtellogenic stage, vitellogenic stage and postvitellogenic oocytes, and oocytes were counted. The number and diameter of ovary, nucleus and nucleolus were also measured. Data were analyzed using Systat statistical software. Results indicated that N. melanostomus was significantly different (p<0.05) with other two species with respect to the numbers of differentiated and previtellogenic oocytes, and the diameter of chorion layers. GSI measurement showed that peak of sexual maturity in this species occurred in July.

Introduction & Objective: Vascular access is a crucial step for performing the hemodialysis. Routinely, any patient undergoing hemodialysis should operate for native Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF). The aim of this study was to determine maturation time of the AVF and its relationship with underlying diseases.Materials & Methods: In a prospective cross-sectional study 87 patients with AVF were evaluated. The side of AVF was Antecubital in all cases. The time between AVF operation and the opening of hemodialysis was considered as maturation time. The relationship between maturation times and Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, history of coronary artery disease (CAD) and renal failure causes were evaluated.Results: 26 patients (29.9%) were female and 61 (70.1%) were male. The mean maturation time was 5.6±2.4 weeks. The mean maturation time in Diabetic and non-Diabetic patients was 6.1±2.4 and 4.9±2.2 weeks, respectively (P=0.016), in CAD and non-CAD patients were 6.8±2.5 and 5.1±2.1 weeks, respectively (P=0.001) and in the groups with middle arterial pressure<110 mmHg and>=110 mmHg were 6.1±2.4 and 3.6±0.8 weeks, respectively (P=0.001). The correlation coefficient between the maturation time and age was 0.453 (P<0.001) which was meaningful. There was no significant relationship between the maturation time and the gender, history of heparin usage at the time of operation. The central vein catheterization and the history of hemodialysis.Conclusions: Our studies showed that the patient's age and underlying diseases such as blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and CAD may affect the maturation time of AVF. That might be helpful if it is taken into consideration before prospective hemodialysis planning.

Background: Vascular Access (VA) is an important aspect for blood circulatory in Hemodialysis (HD). Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF) is a suitable procedure to gain VA. Maturation of the AVF is a status of AVF, which can be cannulated for HD. This study aimed to discover the parameters that effectively reduce the duration between VA and start of HD, which symbolizes the maturation time (MT). Methods: Ninety-six patients who underwent AVF creation were selected for this study. The decision tree method was used based on CART/C4. 5 algorithm, which is one of the data mining approaches for data classification. Vascular diameter ratio (VDR) coefficient was obtained (VDR=Artery/Vein diameters). Results: We investigated the relationship between the VDR and MT in this study and found that MT is reversely related to VDR in elderly patients, while this relation was direct in younger patients. Conclusion: The analysis revealed a Spearman's correlation coefficient for Vein diameter with MT. MT decreases when diameters of vein and artery are close to one another. This study can help the surgeons to identify high-risk patients who elongate MT for HD.

Statement of Problem: Considerable response to functional orthopedic appliances treatment in class II skeletal patients occurs during pubertal growth spurt. Therefore, it seems necessary to investigate indices indicating mandibular growth pattern. It has been proved that analyzing cervical vertebral maturation stage is a more valid index than that of hand wrist.Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the time status of functional orthopedic treatment in class II skeletal patients using CVMS index.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-inferential study, lateral cephalometric radiographs of 153 class II skeletal patients with mandibular deficiency, before treatment, were studied by an oral and maxillofacial radiologist using the index of cervical vertebral maturation stage (CVMS) and were categorized in three phases: CVMS I (desirable phase of treatment), CVMS II (ideal phase), and CVMS III (undesirable phase of treatment).Results: Statistical analysis ranked the prevalence of treatment phases as: 41.8% in desirable phase (CVMS I), 28.1% in ideal phase (CVMA II) and 30% in undesirable phase (CVMS III). No significant differences were found between the three phases using Chi-square analysis. Time status of functional orthopedic treatment was also evaluated based on age and sex. The results showed significant differences between two sexes (P=0.032).Conclusion: The present study suggests the analysis of CVMS index, along with clinical criteria, in the determination of an ideal time for functional orthopedic treatment to prevent patients' exhaustion during treatment Period.