Mediation, as used in law, is a form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR), a way of resolving disputes between two or more parties with concrete effects. Typically, a third party, the mediator, assists the parties to negotiate a settlement. Disputants may mediate disputes in a variety of domains, such as commercial, legal, diplomatic, workplace, community and family matters. The term "mediation" broadly refers to any instance in which a third party helps others reach agreement. More specifically, mediation has a structure, timetable, and dynamics that "ordinary" negotiation lacks. The process is private and confidential, possibly enforced by law. Participation is typically voluntary. The mediator acts as a neutral third party and facilitates rather than directs the process. Mediators use various techniques to open, or improve, dialogue and empathy between disputants, aiming to help the parties reach an agreement. Much depends on the mediator's skill and training.

Despite tremendous popularity of video games, there have been concerns about their detrimental effects on children. The game rating systems were developed to assist parents in monitoring their children’s gaming experiences. This paper explores how parents in Iran, as a society without established media rating systems, control their children’s gaming experiences. Mixed methods of semi-structured in-depth interview with 30 parents and survey with 500 parents are applied. Prominent categories of mediation among Iranian parents include: “restrictive mediation” (limiting the amount of time that children spend on playing video games), “instructive mediation” (warning children of negative effects of video games), and “social co-playing” (sitting near children during gaming sessions to check the game content). We also found that parents who are concerned about negative effects of gaming and parents who consider game rating system as essential exert more mediation over children's gaming experiences. Parents with high level of education, mothers, and parents of younger children apply more any of these three types of mediation. Finally, implications for game policy-making and suggestions for future research are provided.

Introduction: Parental mediation of adolescents’ internet use is a descriptive study to understand the level of parental control over internet usage of adolescents in the state of Kerala in India. It also aims to understand the relationship of various adolescent and parental demographic factors with parental mediation. Method: A descriptive correlation study was conducted among the parents of 388 students between the age of 13years and 18 years old, selected from different (government, aided and private) schools through stratified sampling method. Data were collected through a survey conducted using Parental Mediation Questionnaire prepared by the investigator. Result: The descriptive analysis revealed that active mediation was the predominant mediation strategy used by parents than co-viewing mediation and restrictive mediation. Analysis of the adolescent demographic factors revealed that a difference exists in parental mediation over internet usage of boys and girls. A difference was also found in the mediation of parents of adolescents studying in government, aided and private schools. The study also revealed that younger parents in Kerala mediated the internet usage of adolescents' more than older parents. Other demographic factors related to parents including their education, employment status or annual family income had no significant relation to their parental mediation. Conclusion: The study pinpoints the need to sensitize the parent community and provide them with ample support for parental mediation over internet usage of adolescents.

Conflicts between students are a part of daily school life. If they are not supervised in a constructive way, conflicts can prevent the school from reaching its objectives and will affect negatively the school climate.Mediation is one of the approaches, which aims to reduce conflict between individuals and groups at home, school or workplace. Acquiring resolution skills may provide students with the necessary tools to solve their own conflict in a responsible and productive way. This kind of training can also enhance students' self-esteem and will improve their communication skills.This article reviews the history of mediation in western countries and describes essential elements of adult and peer mediation programs. At the end, the advantages and limits of mediation training and its possible applications for Iranian schools are discussed.