Platelet-derived Microparticles (PMPs) are a group of micrometer-scale extracellular vesicles released by platelets upon activation that are responsible for the majority of microvesicles found in plasma. PMPs’ physiological properties and functions have long been investigated by researchers. In this regard, a noticeable area of studies has been devoted to evaluating the potential roles and effects of PMPs on cancer progression. Clinical and experimental evidence conflictingly implicates supportive and suppressive functions for PMPs regarding cancer. Many of these functions could be deemed as a cornerstone for future considerations of PMPs usage in cancer targeted therapy. This review discusses what is currently known about PMPs and provides insights for new and possible research directions for further grasping the intricate interplay between PMPs and cancer.

Objective(s): Vaccination using inactivated bacteria is one of the most effective ways to protect against EHEC infection. Escherichia coli O157: H7 infections are mainly influenced by Shiga toxins (Stx) and attaching/effacing factors. Among various factors, Stx2B is gaining much attention as a vaccine candidate. Formulating an inactivated bacteria with a suitable adjuvant increases vaccine efficacy and antibody production and can lead to a lasting immune response and protection against O157: H7. Materials and Methods: To assess vaccine efficacy, in this study, we have considered heat and formalin-inactivated bacteria along with chitosan-coated Stx2B/ Stx2B in a mouse model. Ionotropic gelation via tripolyphosphate anions was used to coat Stx2B on chitosan. Subcutaneous injection or oral gavage was used to immunize mice, which were then challenged with E. coli O157: H7. Results: Immunity and protection against E. coli O157: H7 were achieved by all forms of the vaccine. Inactivated E. coli O157: H7 formulated with chitosan-coated Stx2B effectively evoked humoral and mucosal immune responses. However, minimum shedding appeared with the mice groups orally immunized with formalin-inactivated bacteria sublimated with chitosan-coated Stx2B and heat-inactivated bacteria plus Stx2B in subcutaneous immunization. Conclusion: Administration of inactivated whole-cell and toxin was synergistic and increased the protection capacity with both parenteral and oral immunization routes.

Because the traditional method does not consider the release rate of salty whey protein particles after adding flocculants, the error in the peak test of the flocculation activity of the ovarian animal whey protein particle solution is relatively high, which leads to the unreliable analysis of the flocculation activity. Therefore, a method is proposed. A new method for analyzing the flocculation activity of egg-shaped animal whey protein particle solution. According to the basic characteristics of whey protein, the basic structure of the flocculation model was reset to improve the purification effect of the whey protein particle solution in eggs. By calculating the loading rate and analyzing the effect of the flocculating carrier on the stability and release of individual particles, the release rate of salty whey protein particles after adding flocculants can be obtained. Combining the activity distribution with the propagation algebra, the flocculation activity analysis result is obtained. Experimental results show that this method can effectively reduce the error rate of the peak activity test, improve the reliability of the analysis of the flocculation activity of the ovarian animal whey protein particle solution, and has better stability and analysis effect than the traditional method.