Purpose: This research was aimed to formulate and characterize a microemolsion systems as a topical delivery system of NAPROXEN for relief of symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and treatment of dysmenorrheal.Methods: ME formulations prepared by mixing of appropriate amount of surfactant including Tween 80 and Span 80, co-surfactant such as propylene glycol (PG) and oil phase including Labrafac PG – transcutol P (10: 1 ratio). The prepared microemolsions were evaluated regarding their particle size, zeta potential, conductivity, stability, viscosity, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), refractory index (RI) and pH.Results: The mean droplets size of microemulsion formulation were in the range of 7.03 to 79.8 nm, and its refractory index (RI) and pH were 1.45 and 6.75, respectively. Viscosity range was 253.73- 802.63cps. Drug release profile showed that 26.15% of the drug released in the first 24 hours of experiment. Also, Hexagonal and bicontinuous structures were seen in the SEM photograph of the microemulsions.Conclusion: characterization, physicochemical properties and in vitro release were dependent upon the contents of S/C ratio, water and, oil phase percentage in formulations. Also, ME-6 may be preferable for topical NAPROXEN formulation.

This study investigated whether NAPROXEN has an ergogenic effect on neuromuscular performance. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial was conducted on 11 resistance-trained men who performed one strength-training session after taking 500 mg of NAPROXEN and another session after taking a placebo. Participants performed three sets of the horizontal bench press with a load of 90% of repetition maximum (RM) to concentric failure. Outcome variables included number of repetitions, workload, fatigue index (FI), and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Results showed a statistically insignificant reduction in the number of repetitions for placebo when compared to NAPROXEN, amounting to a relative difference of 44. 89%. DOMS was lower in the NAPROXEN group, but differences between conditions were not statistically significant. A statistically significant treatment effect was found for workload, favoring NAPROXEN treatment. A statistically significant difference was found for FI between the second and third sets compared to the first set, with results favoring NAPROXEN. We concluded that NAPROXEN helps enhance neuromuscular outcomes in an acute high-intensity strength training bout.

NAPROXEN is one of the mostly used drugs worldwide and is most abundant in wastewater. This study aims to adsorb NAPROXEN from wastewater using magnetically modified carbon-based adsorbents. These adsorbents have very large specific area for NAPROXEN adsorption, and magnetite modification provides easy separation and regeneration. The co-precipitation method was used for magnetic modification. Adsorption process was carried out in batches. The effect of adsorption variables was investigated. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms were applied to the equilibrium data. The maximum adsorption capacities of adsorbents from Langmuir isotherm were found as 20.75 mg/g for magnetic multi-wall carbon nanotubes and 87.79 mg/g for magnetic activated carbon. Pseudo-first-order kinetic model, pseudo-second-order kinetic model, intra-particle diffusion model, and Bangham model were used for determination of adsorption mechanisms. The rate-limiting step is electron exchange between the adsorbent and adsorbate. Both film diffusion and intra-particle diffusion occur while the adsorption process. DGo, DSo, and DHo were calculated for the process.

Objective(s): Liqui-Mass technology has shown promising advantages in terms of commercial production and formulation manipulation. This study attempts to further explore the potential of enhanced drug release of effervescent Liqui-Pellet by optimizing certain parameters. Materials and Methods: In the current study, pellets containing co-solvent, NAPROXEN, coating and carrier materials were prepared via extrusion and spheronisation (Liqui-Pellet). Parameters investigated included polysorbate 80 concentration (as a co-solvent), water content and the presence or absence of neusilin US2 as part of the new binary carrier mixture approach. Results: It was found that the success of the Liqui-Pellet production was determined by the amount of polysorbate 80 and water used, where above a certain limit, agglomeration occurred, and the formulation failed. Liqui-Pellet formulation showed an excellent flow, narrow size distribution and was robust to pass friability testing. The key findings in the investigation were that the Liqui-Pellet was capable of a remarkably fast drug release, and 100% drug release achieved within 20 min at pH 1. 2, wherein NAPROXEN has been known to be practically insoluble in such pH. Conclusion: Liqui-Pellets display the potential to enhance explosive dissolution where a combination of effervescent powders and binary carriers with the high surface area were used. Furthermore, X-ray microtomography revealed that the pellets were very uniform and homogenous.

Two simple, but accurate, precise, reproducible, without separation and economical procedures for simultaneous estimation of NAPROXEN and pantoprazole in combined capsule dosage form have been developed. One method employs solving of simultaneous equations using 262 nm and 289 nm as two analytical wavelengths for both drugs in methanol. The other method is Q- value analysis based on measurement of absorptivity at 262 nm and at isoabsorptive point 310 nm showing linearity in concentration range of 10.0- 50.0 mg.ml-1 for NAPROXEN and 8.0- 18.0 mg.ml-1 for pantoprazole. The method was validated with respect to accuracy, precision, limit of detection and limit of quantitation.The proposed method is recommended for routine analysis since it is rapid, simple, accurate and also sensitive and without need to heat and organic solvent extraction.

A novel carbon paste electrode modified with NiO/CNTs nanocomposite and an ionic liquid (n-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluoro phosphate) was fabricated. The electrochemical study of the modified electrode, as well as its efficiency for voltammetric oxidation of NAPROXEN, is described. The electrode was also employed to study the electrochemical oxidation of NAPROXEN, using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and square wave voltammetry as diagnostic techniques. Square wave voltammetry exhibits a linear dynamic range from 7. 5×10− 7 to 8. 0×10− 4 M and a detection limit of 1. 2×10− 7 M for NAPROXEN.