Background: Non-communicable diseases are the main causes of mortality and morbidity. Metabolic age (MA) explains overall fitness, and if it is higher than chronological age (CA), it is necessary to improve general health. The PHASE ANGLE (PA) is a direct measurement of the cell membranes and is a remarkable window to describe how the body responds to changes in health status. Objectives: The aim of this study is to estimate the health status of the sample population. Methods: A total of 445 healthy individuals participated, who were selected through convenience sampling from a health promotion clinic in a general hospital in Tehran. A body composition analyzer was applied using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). We used SPSS version 25 to describe statistics. The bivariate Pearson Correlation, R, measured linear relationships between pairs of age, MA, and PA. A linear regression method for predicting MA and PA was related to the dependent variables, age and MA, respectively. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 59.3% of participants were female, and 40.7% were male. There was no significant difference between the mean age and MA of men and women (P > 0.05). There was a significant difference between PA in men and women (P < 0.05). There was a strong correlation between increasing age and MA in Iranians, indicating their unhealthy lifestyle. Conclusions: The PA is a prognostic marker in several health conditions. Based on the new technology, clinicians can look for changes in health status with healthy lifestyle interventions, prevention, and health promotion in public and private clinical settings.

Endothelial cells are subjected to cyclic shear by pulsatile blood flow and pressures due to circumferential stresses. Althoughmost of the researches on this topic have considered the effects of these two biomechanical forces separately or concurrently, few studies have noticed the interaction of these cyclic loadings on endothelial behavior. Negative temporal stressPHASE ANGLE, defined by the PHASE lag between cyclic shear and tensile stresses, is an established parameter which is knownto have substantial effects on blood vessel remodeling and progression of some serious cardiovascular diseases. In thisresearch, intermittent shear and tensile stresses with different stress PHASE ANGLE values were applied on human adipose stemcells (ASC). The expression level of three major endothelial-specific genes, elastic modulus of cells and cytoskeleton actinstructure of cells were studied and compared among control and three test groups subjected to stress PHASE ANGLE values at0° , − 45° , and − 90° . Mechanical properties of ASCs were determined by atomic force microscopy and actin fiber structurewas visualized by confocal imaging through Phalloidin staining. Results described a decrease in expression of FLK-1 andVE-cadherin and rise of vWF marker expression in case of higher negative stress PHASE ANGLEs. The Young’ s moduli ofcells were significantly higher and cytoskeletal actin structure was more organized with higher thickness for all test samplessubjected to combined stresses; however, these features were less magnificent for applied stress PHASE ANGLEs with highernegative values. The results confirmed significant effects of SPA on endothelial differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

Background: Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events which is increased in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It can be measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). PHASE ANGLE (PhA) is lower in patients with cardiovascular disease and may be informative in assessing the clinical course of RA. Materials and Methods: In this observational and cross-sectional study, all RA patients referred to the Imam Khomeini Hospital rheumatology clinic between September 2022 and March 2023 were included in the study. RA activity was assessed using the DAS28 criteria. In the patients, PhA and cfPWV were measured using Inbody-s10 and PulsePen tonometer instruments. The relationships between PhA, cfPWV, clinical course of RA, and CRP were evaluated using regression analysis. Results: 53 patients were included in the study (83% female, mean age 46. 5 years). Significant inverse relationships existed between PhA, CRP, and age (P value = 0. 003, 0. 0001, R: 0. 69, respectively). People with aortic stiffness had a lower mean PhA (P value = 0. 05). In patients with RA duration of less than 10 years, the cfPWV percentile and the prevalence of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) positive cases were higher than in patients with RA duration >10 years (P values = 0. 02, 0. 01, respectively). Conclusions: With increasing duration of RA, aortic stiffness and positive serology cases decreased. PhA and cfPWV may be useful in assessing the clinical course of RA to prevent cardiovascular events.