Apolyacrylate/organic montmorillonite (OMMT) nanocomposite was synthesized by in-situ emulsion polymerization with intercalated structure as demonstrated by X-ray diffractometry. The emulsions and the films obtained from the emulsions prepared were characterized with rotary viscometer, laser light scattering, transmission electron micrograph, scanning electron micrograph, differential scanning calorimetry, the 180oC peeling intensity test, etc. The results indicated that addition of OMMT improved the engineering properties of emulsions. Among the samples tested, the modified polyacrylate emulsion which was prepared by intercalating 2 wt% OMMT and pretreated with immersion disposal showed the most desirable effect and obtained the following advantages: smaller particle size, stronger pseudo-plastic, better thermal stability, and better adhesion property. The morphology of emulsion particles became a polygon from approximate sphericity. It was also demonstrated by SEM that OMMT addition improved the ductility of the polyacrylate film. Furthermore, the peeling strength was likewise improved with the increased amount of OMMT.

High solid content nanocomposites based on poly(methyl methacrylate-co-butyl acrylate)/nanosilica was synthesized via miniemulsion polymerization in a semi-continuous operation. Oleic acid was used to act as a coupling agent between silica surfaces and polymer. Latexes with solid content of 42% were obtained, containing 5% by weight nano-SiO2 with respect to polymer. FTIR Results show the modified structure of silica with oleic acid and confirm the presence and bonding of modified silica on the polymer structure. Morphological investigations were performed using TEM analysis. The results of microscopic images confirm the nanocomposite structure where the nanoparticles of silica are coated with the polymer nanolayers. Thermal analysis including DSC and TG/DTA was used to investigate Tg, thermal stability and thermal decomposition of the samples. The nanocomposite latex is compared with the neat latex of the same monomer structure. The results of DTA analysis show an increase of about 8°C in the degradation temperature. DSC Analysis shows that the glass transition temperature of the nanocomposite is higher than that of pure acrylic latex. Moreover, the samples with improved hardness are compared with blank latex sample. All analyses demonstrate the well located silica nanoparticles inside the latex polymeric structure.

Polyacrylate (PAE)/nano-silica (SiO2) hybrids were prepared by an in situ sol-gel process of tetraethyl orthosilicate in the presence of PAE toluene solution. The hybrid coatings were fabricated using a PAE/SiO2 suspension by the traditional casting. Their intermolecular interaction and morphology, as well as thermal, mechanical, and optical properties, were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimetry and TG/DTA thermogravimetric analysis, coating impact testing, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, respectively. At the same time, their abrasive properties were carried out by abrasion resistance and nanoindentation tests. The results indicate that silica nanoparticles, with diameter about 30 nm, can disperse homogeneously in the PAE matrix, where hydrogen bonds between the PAE and nano-silica are formed. Therefore, homogeneous dispersion of nano-silica particles provides high transparency for the PAE/SiO2 hybrid coating as the size of nano-silica phase is much smaller than the wavelength (390-770 nm) of visible light. PAE/nano-silica hybrid coatings have increased Tg and thermal stability including the onset decomposition temperature, 10% weight loss temperature, and char at 700oC. Additionally, the incorporation of nano-silica particles improves the glossiness of the PAE/nano-silica hybrid coatings and enhances their abrasion resistance and surface hardness. The nano-silica content has obvious effect on the thermal, mechanical, optical, and anti-abrasion properties of PAE/SiO2 hybrid coatings. With the consideration of all the properties of hybrid coatings, the PAE/SiO2 hybrid containing 10 phr of nano-silica has the optimal composition. These PAE/nano-silica hybrid coatings have potential applications in high-performance hologram image recording.

The zinc ion self-cross linkable polyacrylate latexes (PAs) cured at room temperature were synthesized by seeded semi-continuous emulsion polymerization with zinc oxide (ZnO) as cross linker. The ZnO and meth acrylic acid (MAA) mass contents, method of ZnO introduction in relation to the degree of crosslinking, and the properties of self-cross linkable latices are examined and discussed. The characterization techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) have been used to determine the structure and properties of PAs. The experimental results show that in a certain range, the average particle size decreases with an increase in the content of MAA, while the latex stability is undoubtedly improved. The optimum mass content of MAA is 12 % of the total monomers. The optimum amount of ZnO needed is 25 % (mole fraction) of MAA, and the optimum temperature of ZnO introduction is 60 °C. TEM analyses show that the latex particles are coarse spherical particles with surface enriched with comprising abundant carboxyl groups, and zinc ions are dissociated as zinc ammine complex in the aqueous phase. FTIR analyses confirm that the chelate crosslinking occurs between zinc ions and carboxylic acid during the film-forming process. The DSC results indicate that the glass transition temperature (T g) of PAs increases as a function of the formation of a coordinate structure, and the obtained film exhibits excellent initial hardness and sandability. TGA analyses demonstrate that the introduction of ZnO evidently enhances the thermal stability of self-cross linkable PAs.

Nano-silica dispersion was generated in situ through the hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate with methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate in micelles as dispersing media, hydrochloric acid as catalyst and methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane as modifier. Then, the nano-silica/fluorinated polyacrylate composite latexes were prepared via emulsion polymerization directly using the in situ generated nano-silica dispersion as seeds. Dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFHMA) as functional monomer was incorporated into shell layer of the composite particles by semi-continuous starved condition at the second stage. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that silica was generated in situ and DFHMA took part in the copolymerization. Transmission electron microscopy showed uniform composite latex particle morphology and obvious core-shell structure. Dynamic light scattering demonstrated that DNS-86 could control the composite latex particle size ranging from 90 to 180 nm. DFHMA had an important effect on the particle size. Zeta potential (ζ) revealed that the composite latex had good stability. The resulted composite films were characterized by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle measurements and thermo-gravimetric analysis. The well-tailored composite latex particle structure of nano-silica core and fluorinated polyacrylate can effectively improve the hydrophobicity of the resultant films. Water contact angle could reach 123.5o when 6 wt% DFHMA was incorporated in the film. Moreover, water contact angles remained 106o after water immersion in the range of the experimental sample films. In addition, the incorporation of fluorinated monomer and nano-silica contributed to the improvement of thermal stability of the composite film.

A long chain polyacrylate which was a functional composition of a new water-based stripper (WLOAC) for art masking fluid was prepared using azobisisobutyronitrile under the solution polymerization method. The WLOAC was mixed with natural latex to form an art masking fluid (WACN). The optimized preparation conditions, i. e., reaction time 4 h, reaction temperature 80 °, C, and stirring rate 200 r/min were selected by the orthogonal experimental design method. The proton (1H NMR) and carbon (13C NMR) nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of polyacrylate were recorded. There were no peaks at 6. 5–, 5. 5 ppm in 1H NMR and at 128. 3 ppm and 130. 2 ppm in 13C NMR, which indicated that the radical polymerization was indeed occurred. The rheological properties of the WLOAC emulsions were investigated by a rheometer, and the rheology tests indicated that the WLOAC emulsion is a pseudoplastic fluid. The surface tension, peel strength, tensile strength and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of WACN were all determined. The results showed that the surface tension decreased by the addition of WLOAC. The peel strength decreased from 0. 58 to 0. 29 N/mm with WLOAC increased from 5 to 12. 5 wt%. With the addition of WLOAC, the tensile stress increased from 10. 56 to 22. 36 MPa. The SEM results showed that WACN coatings could be detached without causing any damage to the paper substrate.

Multiple biological activities of coenzyme Q10 have been demonstrated, opening up opportunities for research and development. However, the biological action of potassium polyacrylate and its effect on the mitochondrial permeability transition pores are both poorly understood. Therefore, this study investigated the in vitro antioxidative potential of potassium polyacrylate (PCK) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and their effects on mitochondrial permeability transition pores. In vitro antioxidant and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activities were assessed using standard methods, and lipid peroxidation was also determined. Mitochondrial swelling was evaluated as the change in absorbance under succinate-energized conditions. Cytochrome c release and mitochondrial ATPase activity were assessed. The results showed that PCK and CoQ10 significantly scavenged DPPH and nitric oxide radicals in a concentration-dependent manner and demonstrated a better ferricreducing antioxidant potential. PCK exhibited a high DPPH radical scavenging ability with the lowest IC50 value of 54. 05 µg/mL while CoQ10 exhibited higher reducing power with the IC50 value of 82. 14 µg/mL. Both were also found to inhibit angiotensinconverting enzyme activity. In addition, PCK and CoQ10 significantly (p<0. 05) prevented lipid peroxidation, modulated the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) pores and caused no significant release of cytochrome c. However, CoQ10 showed a mild inductive effect on mPT pores at higher concentrations. PCK and CoQ10 also increased mitochondrial ATPase activity. The results of this study suggest that both PCK and CoQ10 may be helpful in the treatment of diseases such as neurological disorders where excessive apoptosis is associated with excessive tissue degradation.