Background: Farmers raise Rabbits in abundance in Iraq. Scabies infestation is one of the most prevalent diseases in Rabbits. The current study investigates the Rabbits’ infestation with scabies that cause severe complications such as itchy alopecia, hyperkeratosis, anorexia, self-trauma, and weight loss. In short, the disease has high morbidity and mortality and creates heavy economic losses for farmers.Objectives: This study was designed to detect mange infestation in Rabbits using microscopic examination of skin scraping. This study is the first to investigate mange infestation in Rabbits in Mosul City, Iraq.Methods: A total of 130 Rabbits were examined, and their skin lesions were scraped. Results: Of 130 Rabbits, 56(43.1%) were infested with mange, including Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi (n=50, 38.5%), Psoroptes cuniculi (n=32, 25%), Notoedres cati var. cuniculi (n=26, 20%), Demodex cuniculi (n=12, 9%), and Cheyletiella spp. (n=4, 3%), with the high infestation rate for S. scabiei var. cuniculi and the lowest rate for Cheyletiella spp. The significant lesions were hyperkeratosis followed by alopecia, then pruritus on many body areas (head, ears, abdomen, back, legs, tail, and perineal area). The highest infestation rate was found on the abdomen and back, while the lowest was on the tail and perineal area. There are significant differences according to age, while no significant differences between the males and females and among three types of infestation (single, double, and mixed).Conclusion: The Rabbits were infested with several species with different percentages. There was no significant difference in infestation rates between males and females, although there was a difference between younger and older animals. Lastly, a significant difference was clear among the three types of infestation, and the double one was the dominant infestation rate with 50%.

Background: Pleurodesis has been a widely used treatment option for recurrent and persistent pleural effusions and air leaks. However, an ideal pleurodesing agent has not been found yet. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dose dependent effects of bioglass on pleurodesis.Methods: Fifty six male, New Zealand Rabbits weighing 3000-3500 gr were used in this study. After right chest tube insertion, 35, 70, 150, and 400 mg/kg bioglass, and 70 and 400 mg/kg talc in saline solution were administered through the chest tube into the pleural cavity. One ml/kg isotonic saline solution was administered in the control group. After 4 weeks, the Rabbits were sacrificed for pleurodesis evaluation.Results: Bioglass 400 and Talc 400 had a higher pleurodesic effect than the other doses with no statistically significant difference. Local inflammation, fibrosis and particle dissemination were significantly higher in Bioglass 400 and Talc 400 than in the controls. Talc 400 caused more inflammation and more particle accumulation than those by bioglass 400.Conclusions: Bioglass may be a valuable pleurodesic agent. However, further studies are needed for more definitive results.

Objective: To study the course of events in rabbit eyes exposed to Dieffenbachia plant sap and effect of juice type on the severity of injury.Methods: Twenty-six Rabbits (51 eyes) randomly divided into four groups and exposed to four types of juice (leaf juice, stalk juice, stem free running and stem squeezed extract). The eyes were examined in ambient light and by slit lamp, until the sixth week. For histopathologic examinations; the corneoscleral buttons were stained by hematoxylin and eosin and examined by light microscopy.Results: The most severe clinical manifestations were seen with the juice of stem. The most common findings in all groups were corneal epithelial erosions and needle shaped stromal crystals, that gradually disappeared spontaneously. Corneal edema was only seen in eight cases of stem juice exposure. It was the best factor related to developing corneal vascularization (p.v=0.0002). Permanent corneal vascularization and scarring was seen in four cases, all exposed to stem juice. Conclusion: Most of ocular injuries caused by dieffenbachia sap are reversible, except for corneal vascularization and scarring which is caused by the sap of mainstem and is highly associated with corneal edema, mandating extensive ophthalmic care upon exposure.

Nosocomial infections have serious effects on health conditions in humans and animals. The present study aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of Enterobacter cloacae post intraperitoneal inoculation in Rabbits to investigate the immunological and possible pathological effects. A total of 42 Rabbits were randomly divided into two equal groups (n=21). The first group was inoculated with 3×108 CFU/ml of the virulent isolate of E. cloacae intraperitoneally (IP), while the second group was injected IP with phosphate buffer saline and considered a control negative group. The animals were sacrificed at different time post-infection at 48/72 h, and at day 7 post-bacterial inoculation. The results revealed a significant increase in the concentration of TNF-α, , especially in the infected groups. In addition, there were different pathological lesions in different organs of animals, mainly in the infected groups, which represents by vascular congestion and edema with polymorphoneutrophiles infiltration in the lungs, kidneys, and heart. This study is considered the first trial which aimed to observe the pathological changes of E. cloacae in vital organs in Rabbits.