This computational fluid dynamic analysis attempts to simulate the incompressible steady fluid flow and heat transfer in a solar air channel with wall-mounted baffles. Two ꞌ Sꞌ-shaped baffles, having different orientations, i. e., ꞌ Sꞌ-upstream and ꞌ Sꞌ-downstream, were inserted into the channel and fixed to the top and bottom walls of the channel in a periodically staggered manner to develop vortices to improve the mixing and consequently the heat transfer. The analyses are conDucted with the Commercial CFD software FLUENT using the finite volume method for Reynolds number varying from 12, 000 to 32, 000. The numerical results are presented in terms of streamlines, velocity-magnitude, x-velocity, y-velocity, dynamic pressure coefficient, turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent viscosity, turbulent intensity, temperature field, coefficient and factor of normalized skin friction, local and average numbers of normalized Nusselt, and thermal performance factor. The insertion of the S-shaped baffles in the channel not only causes a much high friction loss, f/f0 = 3. 319-32. 336, but also provides a considerable augmentation in the thermal transfer rate in the channel, Nu/Nu0 = 1. 939-4. 582, depending on the S-baffle orientations and the Reynolds number. The S-upstream baffle provides higher friction loss and heat transfer rate than the S-Downstream around 56. 443 %, 55. 700 %, 54. 972 %, 54. 289 % and 53. 660 %; and 25. 011 %, 23. 455 %, 21. 977 %, 20. 626 %, and 19. 414 % for Re = 12, 000, 17, 000, 22, 000, 27, 000, and 32, 000, respectively. In addition, the result analysis shows that the optimum thermal performance factor is around 1. 513 at the highest Reynolds number and S-downstream.

The use of afterburner in turbine engines increases the temperature of the exhaust nozzle, and this temperature increase necessitates the cooling of the nozzle components. This research discusses the analysis and optimization of the cooling system for the circular-to-Rectangular transition Duct at the inlet of the nozzle, utilizing a combined film and impingement cooling method. To more accurately achieve the optimal geometric model for three blowing ratios of 0.5, 1, and 1.5, effective parameters have been identified using the experimental design method. The simulation results indicate that the optimized geometries for all three blowing ratios of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 feature three rows of film cooling. Also, the two parameters of the film cooling hole diameter and the number of film cooling rows have the greatest effect on increasing the cooling efficiency. In the Blowing ratio of 1.5, by increasing the diameter of the film cooling holes and the number of cooling rows, the cooling efficiency has increased by 32 and 33%, respectively. Also, in the Blowing ratio of 0.5 and 1.5 blowing, the cooling efficiency increased from 0 to 20 degrees, and the cooling efficiency decreased from about 20 degrees onwards. In the blowing ratio of 1, the cooling efficiency increased from 0 to 30 degrees, and the cooling efficiency decreased from about 30 degrees onwards.

The study's goal is to create a radiator-like device with fixed Rectangular Duct winglets that circulate glycerol/water fluids with varying concentrations of copper oxide Nanofluids for improved heat transfer and cooling performance under all working situations. Hot water enters the Rectangular Duct at one end, while the cooling working fluid enters at the other. The findings of the experiment are compared with the computational fluid dynamics model of Rectangular Duct-winglets for glycerol/water, glycerol/water of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and O.4% weight of copper oxide Nanofluids working fluids at a flow rate of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.3 liters per minute. The findings demonstrated that the magnetohydrodynamics effect, which is based on the radiation parameter, increased as the flow through a region's heat transfer, causing a higher temperature and pressure drop in the glycerol/water-0.3% weight Copper oxide Nanofluids at 0.3 L/min flow rate. The results of the experimental for glycerol/water with 0.3% wt Copper oxide Nanofluids at 0.3 L/min flow rate showed that the pressure and temperature drop at Reynolds number 5400 were 19.8 kPa and 9.8 °C with its relevant friction factor and Nusselt’s number 0.0113 and 12.97 respectively.

Ejaculatory Duct obstruction (EDO) underlies 1-5% of male infertility, although the diagnosis of EDO can be complex, treatment is well established and can be very effective.Part of reason that this condition probably is underdiagnosed, is because of its rarity, subtle presentation and the concomitantly low index of suspicion held by physicians.The causes of EDO are divided into congenital and acquired disorders. Clinically, EDO classically presents as hematospermia, painful ejaculation, or infertility.In the past decade, trans rectal ultrasound (TRUS) has replaced vasography as the main stay of diagnosis. Several adjunctive techniques now have been described for diagnosis of EDO, including seminal vesicle aspiration, seminal vesiculography, vesicle chromotubation.The time- tested treatment for EDO is resection of the ejaculatory Ducts (TUR-ED), which is performed in an outpatient setting, and the technique combines cystourethroscopy with resection of the verumontanum in the midline.Complications from TUR-ED occur in 10-20% of the cases, and include watery ejaculate, hematuria, epididimitis, seminal vasculitis and low risk of incontinence or rectal perforation.