In the context of the scope, time, cost, and quality constraints, failure is not uncommon in project management. While small projects have 70% chances of success, large projects virtually have no chance of meeting the quadruple constraints. While there is no dearth of research on project risk management, the manifestation of barriers to project risk management is a less dwelt topic.The success of project management is oftentimes based on the understanding of barriers to effective risk management, application of appropriate risk management methodology, proactive leadership to avoid barriers, workers’ attitude, adequate resources, organizational culture, and involvement of top management. This paper represents various risk categories and barriers to risk management in domestic and international projects through literature survey and feedback from project professionals. After analysing the various modelling methods used in project risk management literature, interpretive structural modelling (ISM) and MICMAC analysis have been used to analyse interactions among the barriers and prioritize them. The analysis indicates that lack of top management support, lack of formal training, and lack of addressing cultural differences are the high priority barriers, among many others.

Background: Patients with dyslipidemia are usually multimorbid and require polypharmacy. Therefore, it is important to identify potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) in time to prevent their consequences. We aimed to identify and analyze risk factors contributing to their occurrence to guide health professionals. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study of 216 outpatients with dyslipidemia was conducted from May 2021 to April 2022 in Podgorica, the capital of Montenegro. pDDIs were identified using Medscape, Epocrates, and Drugs online interaction checkers. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to evaluate the potential predictors of interactions. Results: pDDIs were detected in 212 (98. 1%) participants, whereas pDDIs with high clinical significance were detected in 25. 46%, 40. 74%, and 58. 8% of subjects by Drugs, Epocrates, and Medscape, respectively. Polypharmacy emerged as a risk factor for the occurrence of pDDIs in all three checkers in each category of clinical significance. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antiplatelet drugs contributes to the incidence of severe pDDIs B=1. 014, 95%CI 0. 681-1. 346, P=0. 000 and B=0. 492, 95%CI 0. 286-0. 698, P=0. 000, by Epocrates and Medscape respectively. The number of prescribers per patient was a protective factor against moderate pDDI B=-0. 858, 95%CI-1. 572-(-0. 144), P=0. 019 and B=-0. 956, 95%CI-1. 671-(0. 241), P=0. 009, by Medscape and Epocrates, respectively, but a risk factor for the occurrence of minor pDDIs B=0. 373, 95%CI 0. 033-0. 712 P=0. 032 and B=0. 143, 95%CI 0. 042-0. 244, P=0. 006, by the same checkers. Conclusion: Knowledge of the risk factors contributing to the occurrence of pDDIs is important for the development and implementation of strategies for their prevention, and given the high prevalence of dyslipidemia, understanding these factors seems crucial nowadays.

Heart failure (HF) is associated with several systemic complications that require combination therapies. Considering the type and clinical manifestations of HF, several types of medications are used to overcome some harmful activated compensatory mechanisms. Angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors alongside with other classes like diuretics, vasodilators and/or positive inotropic agents constitute the medication basket for patients with heart failure. Polypharmacy with different classes of drugs increases the risk of drug-drug interactions during treatment. One of the main issues in these interactions is the risk of electrolyte abnormalities, especially regarding the potassium level, which would be so threatening. This mini review focused on specific aspects of drug-drug interactions that might occur during treatment and how they can be life-threatening.