Objective: Organ transplantation as a medical treatment is a last resort, life saving option for some injuries and diseases. A major problem, however, is the scarcity of donor tissue and organs. Current use of engineered human tissue is limited to thin tissues (100-200 mm). For other thick tissues, fully functional blood vessels must be created. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are known for their ability to self renew, undergo cloning and differentiate into other cells.Moreover, the ability of MSCs to mediate immunosuppression gives them an important role in limiting the rejection of foreign tissue in regenerative medicine.Materials and Methods: In this project, 5% scaffolds constructed from Poly lactic acid (PLA) by a thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) technique have been utilized as a biodegradable 3D structure. PLA was dissolved in ethylene carbonate (EC) at 70°C. The polymer solution was then cast in a cylindrical mould. Next, crystallisation was induced manually at room temperature. The solidified polymer solution was then kept at 4°C cold room overnight before leaching. Next, the solidified PLA/EC was leached in pre-cooled de-ionized (DI) water at 4cC for 2-3 days to remove EC. Finally, the scaffold samples were recovered from the DI water and transferred into a vacuum container overnight. These fabricated scaffolds were then cultivated with hMSCs. Initially, static culture conditions were tested and then hMSCs were seeded within the bioreactor to compare the results of static and dynamic culture conditions.Results: Thick scaffolds were seeded with hMSCs in 3D static conditions. The media was changed every 2-3 days over a period of 2 weeks. MTT and confocal were indicated that the number of viable seeded cells with metabolic activity were higher on the top and sides of the scaffold in comparison with the bottom in static culture conditions.Then, thick scaffolds were seeded in 3D dynamic conditions within the bioreactor, and were cultured for 2 weeks. MTT and confocal staining revealed uniform seeding of the hMSCs; this presumably resulting from the continuous drip feeding loop within the bioreactor in dynamic culture conditions. Thin scaffolds (were also examined when seeding the hMSCs in 3D static conditions and were cultured for 8 weeks. Differentiated osteogenic cells were stained with Alizarin Red-S. These cells actively produced extra cellular matrix (ECM), albeit the lower number of visible nuclei suggests that the cell density is still quite low. Finally, quantitation of hMSC differentiation to osteogenic cells was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. RNA concentrations from 64 to 200 ng/ml were extracted from the hMSC cells in the scaffold using Trizol. RT-PCR subsequently revealed the presence of osteogenic markers; Osteocalcin, Collagen 1A and RUNX2.Conclusion: The goal of this research is to facilitate culture of hMSCs seeded throughout a 3D scaffold that can be fed with nutrients using the media with the established growth factor and hormone cocktails. At the same time, a suitable environment can be provided to allow the sprouting and growth of a blood vessel network which may lead to the production of vascularised 3D hMSCs seeded scaffolds with enhanced thickness (1 cm).

Introduction: Reducing pain and enhancement of wound healing have several advantages. Wound healing is a complicated but regular process that includes synchronized and organized phenomena such as parenchymal cells migration, proliferation and synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins. Rate of wound healing is affected by various factors. The aim of our research was to study the effects of low power He-Ne laser radiation (632.8 nm) on metabolic process, cell proliferation and finally wound repairment. Methods: In our research about 50 healthy mature rats were studied by case-control method. After shaving, small cuts 10 mm in length were made at the neck. Then they were divided randomly into control and case groups. The rats of the case group were radiated by He-Ne laser to their wounds about four minutes each day. After a weak we did wound biopsy of both groups and all the specimens were studied microscopically. The data was analyzed by t-test. Results: Findings showed that there were significant increase in the fibroblast and connective tissue fibers and also VASCULARISATION in the case group compared with the control group. Conclusion: Wound healing in the case group was accelerated and wound diameter was smaller significantly. So low power He-Ne laser radiation accelerates wound healing process      

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of topically applied virgin coconut oil (VCO) on excision wound in rats. Three groups of female Sprague-Dawley rats each consisting of six animals were used. Group I was control, group II and III were treated with 0.5ml & 1.0ml VCO respectively, 24h after wound creation for 10 days. After the experimental period, healing property of VCO was evaluated by monitoring the time taken for complete epithelization (TCE), levels of various parameters of the wound granulation tissue. Collagen solubility pattern, glycohydrolases activity, and histopathology of the granulation tissue were also done. The antioxidant status during wound healing was monitored for 14 days. VCO treated wound healed much faster as indicated by a decreased TCE and higher levels of various skin components. Pepsin soluble collagen showed a significant increase in VCO treated wound indicating a higher collagen cross linking. Glycohydrolases activities were also found to be increased due to higher turnover of collagen. Antioxidant enzyme levels, GSH and MDA levels were found to be increased on the 10th day of post wounding, which were later found to be reversed to normal levels on day 14 in treated wounds. Lipid peroxide levels was found to be lower in treated wounds. Histopathological study showed an increase in fibroblast proliferation and neo-VASCULARISATION in VCO treated wound compared to control. This beneficial effect of VCO can be attributed to the cumulative effect of various biologically active minor components present in it.

Hen’ s native chicken reproductive organ health status evaluation is important for raising Indonesian native chicken in order to support protein supply for people demand. This study aimed to discover the images of Indonesian hen’ s native chicken reproductive organ using ultrasonography. There were 18 hens that used in this study and divided into two groups, 15 hens for brightnessmode ultrasonography imaging and three hens for color Doppler ultrasonography imaging. The 15 hens that were used for brightness-mode ultrasonography divided into three groups based on body weight i. e. 1. 2 kg, 1. 3 kg, and 1. 5 kg, and it’ s also divided in two groups based on their age less and more than one year old. The transcutaneous ultrasonography performed in this study. The transducer lubricated by ultrasound transmission gel and positioned on caudal femur with an approximately angle 30 degree against abdomen wall. The results showed that follicles were ease to found and appeared as anechoic oval to round form confined by a hypoechoic layer at left position of ultrasound scanning. Furthermore, follicles were difficult to scanning in hens with age under than a year. The number and size of follicles and eggs were affected by body weight. In-vivo ultrasound image of eggs showed enhancement artifact and specular reflection, while in-vitro ultrasound image of eggs showed acoustic shadowing. The uterine organ showed as an anechoic structure with several parts having multiechoic that representing plica uterina. Further, the color Doppler ultrasound images can be used for identification of ovarium VASCULARISATION profile. In general, it can be stated that ultrasonography is a useful non-invasive supporting diagnostic tool to evaluate the health status of hen’ s reproductive organ.