In autosegmental phonology, Goldsmith (1976) expanded the phonological representation from linear to non-linear in frequent languages. Due to nonlinearity and the existence of layered structure in this approach, the present study with descriptive-analytical way define and analyze some of the phonological processes including spirantization, assimilation, , deletion and compensatory lengthening based on the principles of autosegmental phonology, i. e. spreading and delinking (McCarthy, 1988) in Sirjani dialect. To get the end, 40 speakers with different genders, ages, educations, jobs and from multiple areas of Sirjan city were selected randomly and data were collected by using free speech recording, interviewing and available library resources about Sirjani variety,then, the collected data were transcribed by using the "APA" and the existing phonological processes were extracted and classified based on the Kul division (2007). Consequently, the analysis of the used rules in linguistic corpus was done following principles of autosegmental phonology. The results of the research showed unlike the fortition process, there are many instances of lenition process in Sirjani variation and the spreading process is realized in the form of spirantization of stop consonants and assimilation of place of articulation and voicing and the delinking process is manifested only in the form of consonant deletion.

Simulation of process units in order to optimize them has long been considered in the chemical industry. Limited sources of energy supply and their increasing consumption in various industries have made optimization and subsequent energy integration important. There are many alternatives to designing a new process or optimizing an existing one, all of which can waste a lot of time and energy and increase costs. But with simulation software, the speed of estimating alternatives has increased. On the other hand, the optimization features in this type of software have caused the comparison of different processes to be done in the best possible way. Because the comparison of different alternatives should be compared and selected in optimal conditions. Aspen Plus software has process optimization features that the user can easily optimize the simulated unit by defining the objective function and existing constraints as well as free optimization variables. The user must first extract the variables contained in the objective and constraint function from flow Sheet 1 and define the objective function and constraints by combining these variables. Also, free optimization variables should be introduced from the available variables selected for optimization. In this project, optimization is done in order to produce 6 MW power.

Nitrogen production units are one of the most important units in refineries, which have different functions according to the needs and existing conditions. In the present study, the aim is to optimize the energy consumption in the nitrogen production unit by changing the operating conditions by HYSYS software (V14-2024). The advantage and novelty of this article is that because the amount and purity of the feed has not changed and due to the importance of energy consumption in refinery units, a large amount of energy reduction observed in the process of the unit. To determine the objective function in the software, the amount of energy of the equipment including coolers, feed compressor, condenser and Reboiler selected. Afterwards, all these values ​​added together in one cell to determine the objective function.  The simulation results showed the optimization of energy consumption by 17.4% compared to the initial value.

In this research using two pilot scale systems of activated sludge (AS) and powdered activated carbon technology (PACT), the soluble organic load removal efficiency was evaluated, for a synthetic wastewater with mono-ethylene glycol as carbon source. Also, the variations of biomass and PAC in each reactor were studied and the relative accuracy of differential ignition method for determining the amount of biomass and powdered activated carbon (combined in aeration unit of the PACT pilot) was investigated. Results showed that the method might be used for the determination of PAC and biomass volatility at 400°C and 50°C, respectively, with acceptable accuracy. Comparison the results of this study and some other recent studies, show that there are no significant differences between them at 95% confidence. Furthermore, the results of this study indicated that there was little difference in carbon to biomass ratio which supports the concept that solid residence time (SRT) and the amount of wastage sludge can be determined with total suspended solids analysis and there is no necessity for biomass determination