کنفرانس ملی آینده مهندسی و تکنولوژی
سال:1395 | دوره:1 |تعداد مقالات:4

THE FORMATION OF ACRYLAMIDE MONOMERS IN CEREAL PRODUCTS AT TEMPERATURES HIGHER THAN 120 °C IS A MAJOR GLOBAL HEALTH AND SAFETY CONCERN IN FOOD HYGIENE FIRST DISCOVERED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF STOCKHOLM IN SWEDEN. ACRYLAMIDE IS A CARCINOGEN THAT CAUSES GENE MUTATION AND DAMAGES THE IMMUNE AND NERVOUS SYSTEMS AND IS THEREFORE A MAJOR HEALTH CONCERN FOR HUMANS. NO SAFE LIMITS OF CONSUMPTION THAT DO NOT CAUSE CANCER HAVE YET BEEN DETERMINED FOR ACRYLAMIDE, AS THE COMPOUND IS CARCINOGENIC EVEN AT LOW CONCENTRATIONS, AND IS 100 TIMES MORE DANGEROUS TO HUMANS THAN THE OTHER KNOWN TOXINS PRESENT IN THE ENVIRONMENT. BREAD IS A MAIN SOURCE FOR THE HUMAN INTAKE OF HIGH LEVELS OF ACRYLAMIDE. IN IRAN, THE RATE OF THE FORMATION OF ACRYLAMIDE AND ITS INTAKE THROUGH BREAD ARE VERY CONCERNING. THE FREE ASPARAGINE PRESENT IN WHEAT BECOMES THE MAIN ACRYLAMIDE FORMATION AGENTS IN ACTING THROUGH THE MAILLARD REACTION. THE PRESENT STUDY WAS CONDUCTED TO INVESTIGATE THE MEASURES THROUGH WHICH ACRYLAMIDE LEVELS CAN BE REDUCED IN BREAD.

IN ORDER TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF CHITOSAN AND SIO2 NANOPARTICLES (NPS) ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF WHEAT SEEDS, A FACTORIAL EXPERIMENT (2×4) WAS PERFORMED BASED ON A COMPLETELY RANDOMIZED DESIGN IN FOUR REPLICATIONS. THE EXPERIMENTAL FACTORS INCLUDED THE ABOVE NPS TYPES, WITH CONCENTRATIONS AT 0, 30, 60 AND 90 PPM. SEEDS WERE SEPARATELY SOAKED FOR SIX HOURS, ALONG WITH THE CONCENTRATIONS OF BOTH NPS. THE TYPES AND CONCENTRATION OF NPS DID NOT SHOW ANY SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON PARAMETERS SUCH AS GERMINATION PERCENTAGE (GP), GERMINATION RATE (GR), MEAN GERMINATION TIME (MGT), MEAN DAILY GERMINATION (MDG), PICK VALUE (PV), GERMINATION VALUE (GV) AND COLEOPTILE FRESH WEIGHT. YET, INCREASE IN THE CONCENTRATION OF NPS, HAD SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS ON SHOOT, SEEDLING, COLEOPTILE, ROOT LENGTH, FRESH AND DRY WEIGHT, AS WELL AS VIGOR INDEX OF SEEDLINGS. ALSO, IN MOST MEASURED TRAITS, EFFECT OF CHITOSAN NPS WAS BETTER THAN SIO2 NPS. FINALLY, DIRECT EXPOSURE TO THE ABOVE MENTIONED NPS HAVE PRODUCED BOTH POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON WHEAT GROWTH.

THE FISH WASTE IS A MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY PROBLEM IN THE COUNTRY BECAUSE THE SHELLS ARE VERY INSOLUBLE AND RESISTANT MATERIAL FOR TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS. TO OVERCOME THE PROBLEM OF FISH WASTE A SOLUTION WAS PROPOSED NOT ONLY TO SOLVE INDUSTRIAL PROBLEMS BUT ALSO TO CHANGE THE BIOWASTE TO USEFUL COMPONENT. IN THIS STUDY CHITOSAN WITH HIGH FUNCTIONALITY WAS PRODUCED USING MILD CONDITIONS (POWER OF MICROWAVE (200, 300 AND 400 W), CONCENTRATION OF ALKALINE (30, 40 AND 50%) AND IRRADIATION TIME (30, 60, 90 S) IN MICROWAVE METHOD). DPPH RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITIES OF CHITOSAN SAMPLES WERE OBSERVED.

THE PRESENT STUDY FOCUSES ON THE EFFECTS OF PROTEIN, GLUCOSE AS A CARBOHYDRATE, ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS AND VITAMINS ON THE BABY HAMSTER KIDNEY (BHK) CELLS GROWTH AND PROLIFERATION. BHK CELLS CULTURE IS OF SPECIAL IMPORTANCE IN PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS, PARTICULARLY ANIMAL DRUGS. BHK CELLS CULTURE IS VERY IMPORTANT IN PRODUCTION PROCESSES. ALL EXPERIMENTS HAVE BEEN DONE UNDER SUSPENSION CULTURE CONDITIONS IN A 1-LITER BIOREACTOR HAVING BLADES AND AIR MIXING PORES. CONSIDERING THE FINAL CELL NUMBER, WHICH IS THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR IN STUDYING THE STATE OF CELL CULTURE UNDER SUSPENSION CONDITIONS, THE EFFECT OF PROTEIN, GLUCOSE, ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS AND VITAMINS ON BHK CELLS HAS BEEN INVESTIGATED. THE HIGHER FINAL NUMBER OF CELLS MEANS HIGHER CELL CULTURE PRODUCTIVITY. DURING THE STUDY, IT WAS INDICATED THAT THE GLUCOSE, PROTEIN, ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS AND VITAMINS HAVE THE GREATEST IMPACT ON BHK CELLS GROWTH AND PROLIFERATION, RESPECTIVELY.