آسیب شناسی ایران
سال:1394 | دوره: | شماره: |تعداد مقالات:15

Fibrosis is the pathological condition resulting in the growth of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ or body system as a reparative or reactive process. In the field of clinical pathology, clinicians and medical scientists are endeavoring to translate experimental knowledge into effective, innovative treatments for a range of fibrotic conditions. The amelioration of whole organ function is at the forefront of research involving new treatment modalities. The augmentation of cardiac function following myocardial infarction is one area of research currently undergoing rapid growth internationally, but pulmonary and hepatic functions are both affected by fibrosis in numerous disease states, and chronic allograft fibrosis is an increasingly recognized problem in organ transplantation; novel treatments are thus undergoing development with ever increasing urgency. An attempt will be made to explore the dynamics of fibrosis in a range of disease states not classically recognized as having a common etiology.

Background and Objectives: Angiogenesis is essential for growth and metastasis of solid malignancies. Tumor vessel count and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic factor, have been associated with prognosis. This study was designed to assess vessels density by using CD31 and CD105 (Endoglin) and their correlation with expression of VEGF and proliferative index (Ki67) in Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).Methods: We examined these parameters in GBM specimens from 50 adult patients; referred to Al-Zahra hospital Pathology Lab between 2001 to 2006. These patients did not receive pre-operative therapy. Paraffin-embedded tumor specimens were immunohistochemically stained for CD31, CD105 (Endoglin), VEGF and Ki67 (proliferation index) monoclonal antibodies. Microvessel density (MVD) was evaluated by immunostaining for CD31 and CD105.Then the results were compared between the two and also with VEGF receptors and Ki67 index.Results: CD105-MVD was significantly higher in Glioblastoma compared with peritumoral normal (14.28 vs. 6.68: P=0.012). We did not find such difference for CD31. The mean of CD105-MVD was significantly higher than CD31-MVD in Glioblastoma tissue (P<0.001) although there was a significant positive relationship between them (Pearson’s r=0.630 P<0.001). The VEGF scoring for tumoral tissue was 12 % (score:1), 46% (score:2) and 42% (score:3). For peritumoral normal tissue were 92% (score:1) and 8% (score:2). So they reach to statistical significance (Chi Square, P=001). Both MVD of CD105 and CD31 have significant relationship with VEGF (P<0.001).Conclusion: We suggest that Endoglin can be used as a specific and sensitive marker for evaluation of angiogenesis in Glioblastoma.

Background & Objectives: Direct addition of antimicrobial materials to food during food processing is an effective method for controlling microbial contaminants of food and extending the shelf- life of food products. Objective of this research was to study the antimicrobial effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle and potential applications of ZnO nanoparticles in terms of controling two food-borne pathogens in milk.Methods: Toxicity of different concentration (0, 0.5, 2, 5, and 10 mM) of ZnO nanoparticles on Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus was studied in culture media and milk. Results: Among the mentiond concentrations, treatment of 10 mM of ZnO nanoparticle was the most effective one for L. monocytogenes and B. cereus inhibition, which completely inhibited the growth of L. monocytogenes and B. cereus in 24h. These data revealed concentration-dependency of the antibacterial activity of ZnO. Therefore, 5 mM and 10 mM ZnO were selected for further studies, which were performed in milk, since they demonstrated significant growth inhibition. ZnO NPs were more capable in terms of reducing the initial growth counts of all the above-stated strains in milk.Conclusion: ZnO nanoparticles had an antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes and B. cereus in milk and the media. This work was a preliminary study that provided a starting point for determining whether the use of ZnO nanoparticles had the potential for being applied in food preservation or not.

Background & Objectives: Odontogenic cysts are among the most frequent destructive lesions of jaws which their pathogenesis and growth mechanism are not cleared. With respect to different roles of mast cells, they may play a role in the pathogenesis and growth of odontogenic cysts. The aim of present study was to evaluate mast cells in the most common odontogenic cyst. Methods: Thirty paraffin-embedded tissue blocks including 10 radicular cysts, 10 dentigerous cysts and 10 odontogenic keratocysts were used and 5 micron sections stained with toluidine blue and observed by light microscope under ×400 magnification to evaluate mast cells within these cysts. For each case, 5 high-power field areas, selected from hot-spot areas, were considered and each area divided into 3 zones: intra-epithelial zone, sub-epithelial zone and deep zone. Results: Most of the studied cyst showed presence of mast cells. There was not any significant difference in mast cell count between studied cysts (P-values>0.05).With respect to intra-epithelial, sub-epithelial and deep zones, there was not any significant difference between three studied cysts. There was not any significant difference between sub-epithelial zone and deep zone within each of these cysts. There was only significant difference between intra-epithelial zone and sub-epithelial zone within dentigerous cysts and odontogenic keratocysts (P-value<0.05). Conclusion: Prevalence of mast cells in fibrous wall of odontogenic cysts suggests their activity in these cysts. Mast cells may not be directly involved in the pathogenesis of odontogenic keratocysts.

Background & Objectives: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a condition where excessive deposition of dense collagen fibers occurred in the connective tissue of oral mucosa. An alteration of collagen necessitates an in depth understanding of collagen in oral tissues as no breakthrough studies have been reported. Therefore the aim was to correlate the clinical, functional and histopathological staging and to analyze the polarization colors and thickness of the collagen fibers in different stages of OSMF using picrosirius red stain under polarizing microscopy so as to assess the severity of disease.Methods: The study was conducted in the department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology at Padm. Dr. D. Y Patil Dental and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India (2012-13). A sample size was of a total 40 subjects, of which 30 patients had OSMF, and 10 were in control group. Clinical, functional and histopathological staging were done depending upon definite criteria. Collagen fibers were analyzed for polarizing colors and thickness. Further clinical, functional and histopathological stages as well as qualitative parameters of collagen fibers were compared.Results: The correlation between clinical and functional staging was not significant (P>0.05) whereas the comparison of the functional staging with histopathological staging was more reliable (P<0.01) as an indication to the severity of the disease rather than clinical staging. One-way ANOVA analysis showed highly significant correlation between functional staging and polarization colors and thickness of collagen fibers (P<0.001).Conclusion: The qualitative change in the collagen fibers of OSMF patients using polarized microscopy would help to assess its role in diagnostic evaluation, to determine the prognosis of the disease as well as to provide useful predictive treatment modalities to them.

Background & Objectives: One of the important infectious factors in pregnant mothers and newborns is Group B Streptococcus (GBS). There is no perfect report about prevalence of GBS in Iran and in the case of preterm rupture of amniotic membrane or preterm labor all patients are treated by antibiotics without culture so this has led to adverse taking antibiotics and drug resistance. The present study is intended to determine the frequency of colonization of GBS in the pregnant mother (35-37 weeks), referred to medical centers of Shahed University.Methods: Overall, 210 pregnant women (35-37 weeks), referred to medical center of Shahed University, Tehran, Iran were selected as sample group and after filling out the questionnaires about demographic data and midwifery status and the related information of post- partum, the rectovaginal culture was done for them.Results: Among 210 samples, 7 (3.3%) included positive culture in terms of GBS colonization while all these cases were sensitive to penicillin, ampicillin, cephalothin, nitrofurantoin, and all of the samples were resistant against tetracycline and contrimoxazole. There was no relationship among age, job, education, number of pregnancy, blood pressure background, diabetes and preterm childbirth with positive culture. Similarly, because of limited number of positive cases it was not possible to examine the relationship among GBS colonization and infection in mother and newborn.Conclusion: There was a low frequency in GBS colonization in the studied hospitals and the study inside the country also confirms this finding.

Background & Objectives: Colon cancer is currently of high incidence and mortality rate. Identifying the factors influencing its prognosis can be very beneficial to its clinical treatment. Recent studies have shown that lymph nodes ratio can be considered as an important prognostic factor. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of this factor on the prognosis of the patients presenting with stage III colon cancer and to compare the result with the effect of lymph node stage on their prognosis.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 66 patients of stage III colon cancer, who met the study inclusion criteria. Patients were categorized into four groups based on Kaplan-Meier plots: LNR1 0-12%, LNR2 13-40%, LNR3 41-84% and LNR4 85-100%. Survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method, and differences analyzed by Log-rank test. A Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis. Results: Lymph nodes ratio was a significantly variable both in overall survival (P<0.0001) and in disease-free survival (P=0.009). Lymph node stage was significant in overall survival (P=0.008) but not in disease-free survival (P=0.05). Multivariable analysis of overall survival showed lymph nodes ratio as the only independent prognostic factor.Conclusion: Lymph node ratio is a more accurate prognostic factor than lymph node stage in overall survival and, in particular, in disease-free survival in patients with stage III colon cancer.

Background & Objective: Lichen planus is a mucocutaneous disease which is relatively common and in 30-70% of patients, mucosal lesions can be seen and known as a precancerous lesion but its etiology is not completely understood. Desmogleins I and III are the main desmosomal transmembrane proteins. These proteins have been identified as the autoantigen of the autoimmune disease. The aim of this study was evaluation of serum autoantibodies against desmogleins I, III in oral lichen planus.Methods: We attempted to determine the etiology of this disease with evaluation of these serum factors. Thirty-five patients with oral lichen planus and 35 healthy controls were recruited and tested for serum autoantibodies against desmogleins I, III and indirect immunofluorescence also performed. Data were analyzed by statistical–analytical methods (Independent sample t-test) with using the SPSS.15 software.Results: Serum autoantibody against desmoglein I had no significant difference in the two groups (P=0.31) but significant increase in serum autoantibody to desmoglein III was found in patients with oral lichen planus (P=0.00).Conclusion: It seems that autoantibody against desmoglein III has a significant role in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus.

Background & Objective: Interleukin (IL)-10 is an important anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokine. Some authors believe that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the promoter region of the IL-10 gene have been associated with susceptibility to HIV infection and progression to AIDS, but its role is not clearly defined yet. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the association between HIV infection susceptibility and progression with SNP in the promoter region of the IL-10 gene.Methods: This study was carried out on 70 HIV infected patients (39 treatment naïve and 31 under treatment) and 31 matched healthy controls. The biallelic polymorphisms in the IL-10 gene promoter (-592, -1082) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing.Results: At position -1082, G/A was the most common genotype and A was the most prevalent allele and at position -592, A/C was the most prevalent genotype and -592 C was the most common allele in HIV positive patients; although there was not any significant difference between cases and controls regarding genotypes and alleles of these regions. Conclusion: Genetic polymorphisms of IL-10 promoter region may not associate with HIV infection outcome and the lack of this association suggests that other genes may influence on HIV infection course.

Although the majority of mesenchymal lesions of the gastrointestinal tract are neoplastic in nature, but nonneoplastic reactive processes may also involve the gastrointestinal tract and mesentery. Some more aggressive neoplasms located in same area, such as fibromatosis or gastrointestinal stromal tumors may be cause of diagnostic confusion. Reactive nodular fibrous pseudo tumor (RNFP) of the gastrointestinal tract and mesentery is a recently recognized entity. Here we present one such lesion in 71 years-old- man with a history of abdominal surgery. The tumor was firm, tan- white colored, ranged in size 19.5 cm in greatest dimension, and was grossly well circumscribed. Histologically it is composed of spindle-shaped cells resembling fibroblasts arranged haphazardly or in intersecting fascicles, embedded in a collagen-rich stroma with sparse intralesional lymphoid cells frequently arranged in aggregates. We present a case of this entity have largest tumor and also due to the rarity.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is referred to a group of diseases because of the varied clinical presentation, ranging from small cutaneous nodule to wide spread mucosal destruction. The nose is rarely involved by CL in even in endemic region. In this report we describe a rare rhinophymatous presentation of CL from a non-endemic region which was diagnosed by fine needle sampling and treated with Miltefosine.

The glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a rare lesion with odontogenic origin. It shows a propensity for recurrence revealed in 30% of all case. This investigation reports a case of recurrent GOC in a 35-year-old female in the anterior region of the maxilla, which is uncommon and discusses about IHC finding, surgical methods, and differential diagnosis. Under general anesthesia, peripheral bone ostectomy via large round bur for removal of remaining epithelium of the cyst wall was done. Finally liquid nitrogen was used to remaining bone. This article recommends that soft tissue adjacent to the cortical bone perforation should be excised, as well as peripheral bone ostectomy by large round bur for removal of remaining epithelium of the cyst and liquid nitrogen application to the bony cavity. Because of high recurrence rate of the lesion close follow up of the patients is needed.

Tuberculosis (TB) global prevalence remains almost unchanged over the past few decades. Though genitourinary tract tuberculosis is common, it is rarely associated with scrotal fistula. We present a rare case of advanced tuberculous epididymo-orchitis (TBEO) which culminated in removing the testis. Before final diagnosis is made, it was unresponsive to empirical therapy of bacterial epididymo-orchitis. The approaches to this case were clinical, radiological and histopatologic. For treatment and follow up see the case report.

Pericardial hemangioma is very rare and their coincidence with other visceral hemamgiomas is exceptional. We are reporting a 72-year-old man with an incidentally discovered pericardial hemangioma during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and mitral valve replacement surgery and a prior history of multiple hepatic cavernous hemangiomas. This case has been reported due to its extreme rarity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case of this kind reported till date.

Dear Editor-in-Chief;We read with interest the study by Khazaei et al. (1) in which the authors have nicely concluded that PCR is more sensitive test than Ziehl-Neelsen staining and histo-pathological examination for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). They have rightly pointed to use PCR, selectively, in acidfast bacilli negative paucibacillary forms of TB. However, we intend to highlight few points regarding PCR which may add to practical applicability of the study.