مراقبت های پیشگیرانه در پرستاری و مامایی
سال:1399 | دوره: | شماره: |تعداد مقالات:8

Background: A health-promoting lifestyle (HPL) can affect a person’ s quality of life (QOL) and prevent many diseases. Objectives: The QOL and HPL of teachers and nurses are of great importance because of their influence on the community health and education of the new generation. The present study aimed to determine and compare the HPL and QOL of nurses and teachers in Zanjan, Iran in 2018. Methods: This descriptive, comparative, cross-sectional study was performed on 395 teachers of governmental schools, who were selected by cluster sampling, and 182 nurses, who were selected by census sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, health-promoting lifestyle profile (HPLP II) questionnaire, and 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS version 16 by measuring descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Levene’ s test, and independent t-test). Results: The results showed that most of the teachers were male (62. 5%) and married (63. 8%) with a bachelor’ s degree (70. 1%), while the majority of nurses were female (83%) and married (87. 4%) with a bachelor’ s degree (100%). Based on the findings, the HPL of nurses and teachers was rated as moderate (40. 5% and 48. 1%, respectively). Also, the QOL of nurses and teachers was at a moderate level (44. 6% and 52. 4%, respectively). Finally, the mean QOL and HPL were lower in nurses as compared to teachers (P<0. 01). Conclusion: The present results revealed that having knowledge is not necessarily associated with good performance. The QOL and HPL were moderate in both teachers and nurses, even nurses had a lower QOL and HPL than teachers. Overall, awareness of the importance of healthy behaviors does not always lead to improved self-care. Therefore, it is suggested to pay more attention to the improvement of occupational conditions, besides QOL and HPL of these two groups, especially nurses.

Background: Becoming a father is a crucial stage in men's lives, which is associated with high levels of stress, as this event challenges their ability to cope with new situations, requires adapting to the new roles, and creates concerns regarding being a successful father. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the effect of positive approach counseling on acceptance and adaptation to the role of becoming a father in husbands of first-time mothers. Methods: This is an experimental study conducted on husbands of first-time mothers with unsuccessful adaptation to their role as a father who referred to health centers of Khodabandeh city in 2019. Participants were selected using convenience sampling and then separated into two groups of intervention and control (27 subjects in each group). Data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire (socioeconomic status and family relationships) and the standard paternal adaptation questionnaire (PAQ). The intervention group received eight 60-minutes sessions of positive approach counseling. Then, after one month, they again filled the PAQ. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon, Friedman, and ANOVA with repeated measures with a significance level of 0. 05 by SPSS version 16. Results: There was no difference in the mean score of PAQ before providing the intervention; however, after providing the intervention, the level of adaptation to the parenting role and its sub-scales were significantly higher in the intervention group (from 117. 6 to 155. 4) (p<0. 05). Conclusion: The positive approach counseling could improve the parenting role of husbands of first-time mothers. Therefore, the findings of the present study can be used for developing comprehensive public health plans for better adaptation with the parenting role.

Background: Due to the presence of the main receptor of SARS-CoV-2 (ACE2) in the male and female reproductive systems, infertility and viral damage during pregnancy are possible, in addition to premature birth, abnormal birth, and even maternal death. Objectives: This study aimed to review the effects of COVID-19 from fertilization until birth. Methods: By searching relevant keywords, a total of 205 articles were retrieved, 62 of which were finally reviewed in this study. Also, the Fertility Society of Australia (FSA), European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE), and Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) websites were checked to find reports on infertility management during the COVID-19 pandemic in other countries. Results: The coronavirus receptor (ACE2) is expressed in the tissues of the male and female reproductive systems, as well as various embryonic stages. The fetus is most likely to be infected by the virus at the time of birth. However, there are few reports of vertical transmission from the mother to the fetus before birth. Couples are generally suggested to freeze their embryos after the COVID-19 pandemic is eradicated. Conclusion: Considering the presence of the new coronavirus receptors in the male and female reproductive systems, besides reports on the destructive effects of this virus on different parts of the male and female reproductive systems, COVID-19 can harm the next generation, as well as the current world population. Therefore, couples are advised to avoid pregnancy during the COVID-19 outbreak. In the case of pregnancy, they are asked to observe the health protocols as much as possible to prevent the spread of disease.

Background: Waiting time is an important factor affecting the satisfaction of outpatients and also one of the indicators for assessing the level of access to health care services as well as service quality. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the waiting time and satisfaction in outpatients referring to Imam Hossein polyclinic, Zanjan in 2017 using patient flow analysis (PFA). Methods: The present research is a descriptive-analytical study. A total of 392 outpatients were selected using a convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a timing checklist and Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ) and analyzed using structural equation analysis and analysis of variance through LISREL 8. 5, MINITAB 17. 2, SPSS 24, and STATISTICA 12 software. Results: According to the obtained data, the longest average waiting time was in the radiology clinic (27± 11 minutes), and the shortest was in the pharmacy (5± 3 minutes). Also, the average duration of the examination was 9± 9 minutes. The mean patient satisfaction was 3. 38 out of 5 (average degree of satisfaction). The results showed that waiting time was inversely related to patient satisfaction and examination time was directly related to satisfaction, and waiting time in the laboratory and admission had the greatest effect on reducing patient satisfaction. Also, the patient's waiting time to receive services and the duration of the doctor's visit were at an acceptable level and patients' satisfaction with the waiting time was at a moderate level. Conclusion: Since the radiology clinic was one of the bottlenecks of outpatient facilities in this polyclinic, measures to reduce waiting time and increase patient satisfaction are recommended.

Background: Identifying the factors associated with the adherence to treatment regimen is a useful guide for health care providers to provide appropriate treatment regimens and promote the adherence to treatment. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the status of adherence to treatment regimen and its related factors in patients undergoing coronary artery revascularization therapies (CART) in selected hospitals of Zanjan in 2017. Methods: This correlational study was conducted in Zanjan, Iran in 2017. In total, 318 patients who had undergone CART were selected by systematic random sampling to participate in the study. The study tools included demographic factors, factors related to the disease, and the Nayeri et al questionnaire of adherence to treatment regimen. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data through SPSS software version 23. Results: Results of this study showed that, the mean score of adherence to treatment regimen by the patients was 128. 12± 7. 51 and the status of adherence to treatment regimen was at moderate level. Multiple linear regressions showed that variables such as type of treatment, duration of disease, age, and gender were associated with the adherence to treatment regimen. So that, with the increasing age (p=0. 002) and the duration of the disease (p=0. 034), adherence to treatment regimen was also increased. Furthermore, the score of adherence to treatment regimen was better in patients who had coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) (p=0. 002) than angioplasty procedure, and also it was better in women (p=0. 032) than men. Conclusion: About half of the patients with CART do not adhere to their treatment regimen. Age, gender, level of education, duration of illness and type of treatment are the predictors of adherence to treatment regimen. Understanding these factors can be used as a guide in designing interventions and conducting further studies to improve the adherence to treatment regimen. Adherence to treatment regimen is not only a complicated variable that has many determinants, but also is a continuous process.

Background: Mechanical ventilation in chronic patients is associated with major risks and complications. Therefore, rapid and safe weaning from mechanical ventilation is of great importance. Objectives: The present study aimed to explain the communication strategies with chronic patients weaning from mechanical ventilation from the perspective of the intensive care unit (ICU) staff. Methods: In this descriptive qualitative study, the participants included 12 ICU nurses, three nurse managers, and three patients, who were selected via purposive and maximum variation sampling from hospitals of Ahvaz in southwest of Iran. To collect the data, the researcher conducted semi-structured interviews using open questions. The recorded interviews were then transcribed and analyzed via conventional content analysis in MAXQDA. Results: The two main themes identified in this study were [1] the time spent with the patient and [2] the soothing umbrella that indicated the importance of communication with the patients during the weaning process and the significance of nurses’ use of communication strategies. Conclusion: Communication strategies can lead to a better understanding of the patients and management of the weaning process. On the other hand, loss of communication skills can hinder the process of weaning. Therefore, improved communication skills and active bedside presence are recommended.

Background: Injuries caused by motorcycle crashes in children and adolescents are one of the main health problems that can cause serious injuries or even death in this population. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the injury patterns and severity of motorcycle crash injuries among hospitalized children and adolescents in Darab, Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was started on May 15, 2017 and continued for three months. All 212 children and adolescents, who had been injured in motorcycle crashes in 2016 and were referred to the emergency ward of the central hospital of Darab, were selected, and their medical records were reviewed. The data collection tools included a demographic information form, an injury-related questionnaire, and the Injury Severity Score (ISS). Data analysis was performed in SPSS v61, using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney test, and Chi-square test at a significance level of α ≥ 0. 05. Results: The mean age of the injured children was 14. 28± 2. 97 years. The head was the most commonly injured organ, while 130 (61. 3%) cases had been injured in more than one organ. Most children had minor injuries with an ISS<9 (79%). The highest frequency of accidents was reported in the summer and spring. The majority of the injured motorcycle riders (n=191, 90%) had not used a helmet. Besides, the use of helmet was found to decrease with advancing age (P=0. 017). Conclusion: Although head injuries are more frequent than injuries to other parts of the body, and more than 90% of motorcyclists do not wear helmets, informing and educating children and families is very important in this area. It is recommended to implement strict traffic laws for motorcycling and highlight the necessity of wearing helmets by motorcycle riders. Moreover, families should be stricter about their children riding motorcycles, especially during school holidays (summer and spring).

Background: Investment in the adolescents' health is an effective way to improve the public health. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the views and experiences of adolescent girls and key adults to identify the facilitators of access to sexual and reproductive health services among Iranian adolescent girls. Methods: In this qualitative study, the data were gathered through focus groups and semi-structured interviews with 247 adolescent girls and 71 key adults in Iran. The collected data were coded and categorized using a content analysis method in MAXQDA v10. Results: The main facilitators of Iranian adolescent girls’ access to reproductive health services were classified into five categories: 1) Factors associated with policymaking, such as governmental support; 2) benefiting from the religion’ s potentials; 3) social and cultural factors, such as creating a supportive environment in the community; 4) public participation; and 5) factors associated with the methods of service delivery. Conclusion: The governments’ acceptance of sexual health education shortcomings is the most important factor affecting the successful implementation of reproductive health programs for Iranian adolescents. Overall, increasing public participation and intersectional collaboration, besides creating a supportive environment in the community, is the next step in improving sexual health education.