سال:1390 | دوره: | شماره: |تعداد مقالات:8

Foodborne infection is a major health issue and its impact on global social and economic development remains unknown (1). A paper published in the journal Nature estimates 30% of all infections over the last 60 years were Foodborne (2). The Centre for Disease Control in the United States estimates that 76 million people per year are affected by Foodborne illness, with 300,000 requiring hospital treatment and 5000 fatalities (3). Specific foods are associated with specific Foodborne infections and food poisoning(3)…..

Helicobacter pylori is an important human pathogen and a gram-negative, spiral shaped and microaerophilic bacteria with persistence colonization in gastric mucosa, causes gastroduodenal inflammation and destruction, resulting in diseases such as duodenal ulcer disease, gastric ulcer disease. When H.pylori discovered by Warren and Marshall, effective therapy developed for this infection and resulted in remarkable change in management of PUD and dyspepsia. Nowadays, the increasing prevalence of drug resistance has complicated successful therapy, considering more attention for appropriate therapy. Ideally, therapy should be based on pretreatment drug susceptibility testing, and empiric use of eradication therapies should assume the presence of antimicrobial drug resistance and use increased doses for 14 days.

The origins of problem-based learning (PBL) probably go back to 1920s. Celestin Freinet, a primary school teacher, returned from World War I to his village in south-east France. Due to his injuries, he was too breathless to speak to the class for more than a few minutes, so he created a new system of learning. This new system encouraged his pupils to take control of their own studies, communicate effectively, be more cooperative and evaluate their own progress. PBL, as currently employed in medical education, was first used and recognized at McMaster University, in Canada, in the late 1960s. PBL is an active form of learning stimulated by, and focused around a clinical, community or scientific problem….

Aim: The aim of this study was to report the anatomical location and histologic type of colorectal polyps in a large series of Iranian patients that attended for colonoscopy.Background: Polyps that develop through the adenoma-carcinoma pathway are considered neoplastic and may eventually progress to invasive carcinomas. In addition polyps can develop with no neoplastic potential. These neoplastic and non-neoplastic polyps can be identified and removed at colonoscopy.Patients and methods: In this retrospective study, the medical records of patients who had attended for colonoscopy were reviewed. Patient demographics and colonoscopy findings were reviewed. The anatomical location, macroscopic appearance and histological assessment of any polyps were recorded.Results: 716 patients’ records were reviewed. 437 patients (61 %) were male and 279(39%) were females. The mean patient age was 55.3 yr (18-89 yr). A total of 936 polyps were identified. 779 (83.3%) were neoplastic and 157(16.7%) polyps were non-neoplastic.727 of the polyps were adenomatous. Of the 727 adenomatous polyps: 198(27.2%) were in sigmoid, 156(21.24%) were in caecum and ascending colon, 153(21%) were in descending colon, 131(18%) were in transverse colon and 89(12.3%) were in rectum. 39.5% of adenomas were proximal to the splenic flexure. Carcinoma was observed in 52 cases. 18 carcinomas (34.5%) were left sided and 34 (65.5% of carcinomas) were right sided. Of the 716 patients, 179 patients (25%) had synchronous lesion(s).Conclusion: A significant number of adenomas and carcinomas lie proximal to the splenic flexure and occur in the absence of distal lesions. These lesions would be missed if the distal colon was examined and the entire colon examined only if a distal lesion was identified.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether there is relation between body mass index and symptoms of gastro-esophageal reflux disease in our community using Logit, Probit and Complementary log-log models.Background: The most frequent statistical tool to address the relationship among a dichotomous response and other covariates is logistic regression. However logistic regression is familiar for researchers, some other models with similar results are favorable to assess such relationship like as Probit and Complementary log-log.Patients and methods: We carried out a population-based study to estimate the strength of the association between body mass and reflux symptoms. During interview, participants completed a valid Gastro-esophageal Reflux Questionnaire. The coefficients calculated by logistic, Probit and Complementary log-log regression with multivariate adjustments for covariates.Results: Reflux symptoms at least once a week over the last three months were reported by 522 (9.1%) of the 5733 interviewees. There were no evidence in all models to address the significant relation between Reflux and BMI and all models derived in same efficacy.Conclusion: Our results showed that the choice of the link function in this analysis is not the most important issue but still a user could also look forward to some other link functions like Probit and Complementary log-log.

Aim: We investigated whether the level of IL8 was different in patients with chronic and acute Toxoplasma gondii infection during the pregnancy compared with control group.Background: It is well established that T.gondii infection induces a strong cell-mediated immune response. Patients and methods: ELISA was used to determine the level of IL8 in sera of 568 pregnant women. Patients were divided into three groups according to a T.gondii serology. The first group included 202 women with positive IgG titres, the second group was 66 women with IgM and negative IgG T.gondii serology; and the third group comprised the sera of 300 healthy pregnant women with negative T.gondii serology and served as controls. Results: The level of IL8 in group I was within normal range similar to control group. However, the level of IL8 was increased in those pregnant patients with positive IgM T.gondii serology.Conclusion: The serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL8 seem to be increased in patients with serological evidence of acute T.gondii infection.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium spp. among children with diarrhea by PCR- RFLP using the TRAP-C2 gene.Background: Cryptosporidium is a globally distributed protozoan parasite and one of the most common causes of infection and diarrhea in humans.Patients and methods: Four hundred and sixty nine stool samples were collected from children less than 12 years with diarrhea who had been referred to Pediatrics Medical Centers in Gazvin provinces. The presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts was determined by Ziehl-Neelsen acid fast staining, then, genomic DNA was extracted from positive samples and nested PCR-RFLP was performed to amplify the TRAP-C2 gene.Results: The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in children was 2.5 %. Results of nested PCR amplification showed that of 12 positive children samples, 10 (83.3%) were belonged to C. parvum, followed by C. hominis in 1 (8.3%) and mixed infection in 1 isolate (8.3%).Conclusion: This study showed that Cryptosporidium parvum (the zoonotic genotypes) is more prevalent than other Cryptosporidium species in children from this area. This suggests that zoonotic transmission is the main mode of transmission of Cryptosporidium infection in Iran.

Dear Editor, The Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases in Shahid Beheshti Medical University (Iran) designed a cross-sectional household survey conducted from May 2006 to December 2007 in Tehran province, which aimed to find the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and Functional disorders using Rome III criteria (1, 2). A total of 18180 adult persons drawn up randomly and interviewed using a valid questionnaire on the basis of Rome III (1, 2).