پژوهش های ادبی
سال:1383 | دوره:2 | شماره:5 |تعداد مقالات:15

Objectives: ECT as a treatment for psychiatric patients, is not only a low risk but also is a very cost-effective treatment, both for the patients and the health care system. However, to initiate ECT treatment, it is mandatory to obtain the consent of the person(s) accompanying the patients. The accompaniers’ attitude towards ECT is a determining factor in signing the letter of consent and following up treatment sessions. The present study was designed to examine the attitude of patients’ accompaniers and the factors affecting their attitude. Method: 126 accompaniers were selected through available sampling procedure and were administered a demographic and an attitudinal questionnaires. The research data were analyzed via t-test, analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney methods. Findings: The results demonstrated no significant relationship between the attitude of the accompaniers and their age, sex, literacy level or the type of their relationship with the patient. However, previous experiences of hospitalization in psychiatric wards and of past ECT, and the source from which the accompaniers obtained information on ECT, affected the accompaniers’ attitudes. Accordingly, it is strongly recommended that the psychiatrists, psychologists, physicians and/or the nurses in charge of ECT provide the necessary briefing concerning ECT and that they introduce the new patients to the ones who have already received ECT.

Objectives: The study was designed to examine the comorbidity of pathological mood and anxiety disorders among hospitalized addicts and normal individuals. Method: Fifty male addicts(N=50), hospitalized in a psychiatric center, in west of Iran, and fifty normal subjects (N=50) were selected . The subject were matched in terms of demographic characteristics. The subjects in both groups were interviewed and were administered diagnostic instruments. The assessment and diagnosis of co-occurrence of mood and anxiety among the addicts who had voluntarily sought treatment, were carried out at least two weeks after hospitalization, i.e. after detoxification was completed and the withdrawal symptoms were relieved. BDI and STAI-Y questionnaires were used for screening, and the presence of symptoms were using DSM-IV criteria and the clinical evaluation by the psychiatrist in charge. Findings: The results demonstrated that 72.3% of the addicts met the diagnostic criteria for mood and anxiety disorders. The most common disorders proved to be major depression (66%) and Generalized anxiety(12%).

The nature of the contemporary poetry lies in coming close to the new and innovative structure aimed at presenting the conscious and thoughtful meanings and throughout this productivity, it is owned to the Nimas mental creativity from classic poetry level to contemporary poetry birth. The contemporary poetry enjoys a rotating structure based on the repetition of the half verse at the beginning and end which gives an especial strength to the poetry structure for inspiration of specified ideology. This repetition produces an episodic structure for the contemporary poetry like a strong skeleton while rebuilding the musical demerits due to removing the lateral poetic elements such as rhyme and identical rhyme, forming the poetry focus, coherence and poetry single tone, making stop in the poetry vertical interval aimed at promoting the readers mentality and keeping the poetry away from becoming weak and commonplace, emphasizing and imposing the poetry message, multiplying and releasing the meaning, multiplicity and variety of being entry. Searching for direct and indirect meaning related reasons and symbol in the contemporary poetry structure especially in the poetry by Nima as the agent and architect of the Modern Poetry, is a fundamental question elaborated in this article.

The Sufi woman, Shavana from Ubulla near Basra is Iranian Sufi mystic poet woman, whose incredible and splendid spirits and speeches have been quoted by many hagiographers. There is a little known about her biography and that of other Sufi women. The purpose of this paper is to survey about her life, personality, and her works. She lived in the 2nd Hijra century and was one of the Sufi women of Basra who all had taken the path of poverty and asceticism. Threat and sorrow is on of the feature of these Sufi women. Shavaneh also was living with prays, sorrow and continuous crying. She had a beautiful and melodious voice. Her meetings were attended by men and women and she cited some versus before them and the audience was crying with her. Her indigently life reveals his non-interest in the world and its attachments. She met Fuzail Iyaz, a famous khorasanian Sufi and gave him some pieces of advices. Some of her plainsongs are available today

The article is a study of the structure of "Zal and Roodabeh" (in Ferdowsis Shahname). To do so, it presents a description of the story at first and then of its structure. It continues to seek for these features in the texts of "Zal and Roodabeh" by presenting some proves while analyzing these elements of structure and determining the appropriateness of them. The conclusion is that the text is narrated - dramatized in which the story elements are used for promoting the story. A design including cause relations of it from the beginning to the end and strengthen it.

Objectives: Considering the importance of delusions in diagnosing of psychosis and the role of culture in the forming of delusions this study investigates the content of delusions among psychotic patients. Method: Subjects were 250 psychotic patients (165 males, 85 females) who had been admitted to Shahid Esmaili Center during 1992-1996. %75 of them were aged 15-45, 106 of subjects were single and 104 of them were married. Research instrument was a questionnaire consisted of questions about type and content of delusions, hallucinations and demographic data. Data were analyzed through descriptive methods. Findings: This study indicated that persecutory delusions were the most prevalent type while grandiosity delusions stand at second rank. Conclusion: Although the content of delusions across different cultures are more or less the same, different aspects of cultures, nations and religions have an influential role on the content of delusions.

Both Jalal-e-Ale Ahmad and Ebrahim-e-Golestan belong to the second generation of Iranian writers. Their close relationships and common experiences in youth have created similarities, especially in the early stories, in their stories. Ale Ahmad expressed his thoughts much earlier than Golestan; however, Ebrahim-e-Golestan has been more accurate and more successful in expressing the same ideas in his fiction. The following paper tries to study these two writers works from two dimensions of contexts and techniques. There are many similarities between the contents of their works especially in the first period of writing story. The similarities between the first series of the stories are of such level that perhaps it can bee said that they were influenced by party-related ideas. From the story techniques, Ale-Ahmad was influenced at the first stage by the French writers in the 19th century and Golestan was influenced by the American writers such as Hemingway and Twin and Bek who were the recently known writers. The closer their physical relation, the more the differences in their stories is.