Background and aim: Ficus carica has many different therapeutic effects. High amount of phosphor in this plant suggests that it may have effect on intelligence and memory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Ficus carica on spatial learning and memory in mice.Methods: In this experimental study, 32 mice were randomly divided into four groups. Control group received normal saline and experimental groups received three doses of hydro-alcoholic extract of Ficus carica, (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, i.p.). Saline or extracts were injected daily (7 days) and then learning was evaluated with Morris water maze task for 5 consecutive days. Probe-trial experiments were performed on days 6, 8 and 10 to evaluate short-term memory and also on day 24 for evaluating long-tem memory. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by LSD test.Results: Control and experimental groups learned the task and no difference was seen between groups (P>0.05). Ficus carica extract did not change the spatial memory on days 6 and 8. However, a significant decrease was found in short-term memory on day 10 (P<0.05). Finally, evaluating long-term memory on day 24 did not show significant differences between groups (P>0.05).Conclusion: Hydro-alcoholic extracts of Ficus carica have no significant effect on learning in water maze task. However, it may have negative effect on short-term memory.