Retrial is one of the highest means of complaining about a court's judgment which is accepted and operated exceptionally and only with regard to specific aspects due to its restrictions and exclusivity. Since a rehearing is one of the last resorts, it can be carried out and takes effect only when a final judgment has been issued by a court by resorting to exceptional and exclusive cases and after admitting it to objectionable criminal and civil judgments. Meanwhile, third parties may not enter into the process this stage. Such particularities have resulted in giving a prominent position to retrial compared with other methods such that no parties involved in the case, in contrast with the routine method of asking for appeal, could not easily chance their luck in reversing the Judgment by resorting to a lawful approach and so be provided with an additional opportunity. Ignoring the provisions and limitations available for this legal approach, in 1980, legislators developed an appeal to this method at the discretion of the judiciary in an accelerated and swift action so that one can request revision of any final judgment (whether on order or Judgment) issued by the courts and so overturn it. Although making retrial more widespread and extending its scope to reverse orders legally violated may be appropriate for achieving the ends of justice, but applying it in creasingly may reduce the importance of this procedure for overturning judgments as well as its respect and may reduce it to a routine method. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the regulation for revising Article 18 of the revision in regulation for establishing public and revolutionary courts enacted on 14 January 2007, where discretion of the chief of judiciary has been established in obvious cases of discrepancy in awards with shariah as one of the causations for retrial In criminal and civil affairs. For this reason, we will discuss the conditions and barriers for discretion of the aforementioned legal authority and elements of this newly established article as well as its effects.