Typology, classification and analyzing headstones of Irans’,North West in Islamic era

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sattarnejad Saeid; Narimani Mosayeb; Azizi Shima

Title

Typology, classification and analyzing headstones of Irans’,North West in Islamic era

Author(s)

sattarnejad Saeid | Narimani Mosayeb | Azizi Shima | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Northwest of Iran

Tombstones

typology

Iranian-Islamic culture

Central Asia

Abstract

Headstones have been one of the inseparable thoughts of death among all the communities from old times to nowadays that were used as an essential tool for their visual and spiritual aspects. However, there are various point s of view in creating headstones and their relative sign fields in different societies. This phenomenon had a special place in Islamic –,Iranian < s attitude and are created in different forms and decorative figurations. The North West area of Iran is one of the finest place for such materials that this research was done to identify, typology and analyze them in order to find answer s for these questions: what are the typology and forms of Iran < s North West < s headstones? Analyzing cognitive foundations of headstones of Iran < s North West refers to which areas? How many categories the decorative figurations of these headstones can be separated? This research is using descriptive –,analytical method along with several documents and field studies for recording some graveyards of Iran < s North West in Islamic era. The result of this research indicate s that in shape of place ment, headstones are divided to three forms: horizontal, vertical and hybrid with different kinds. Some of the headstones are rooted in middle-Asia societies and have various concepts in terms of decorative arrays. Prime examples are: a) human, b) herbal, c ) animal, d ) geometric –,symbolic, e) objects and tools. . Currently, many of these monuments are damaged by mankind and nature, and just a few of them are in fine shape. Headstones are one of the components of funerals and used as an identification and date of the dead person. It is also a great place to transfer concepts of public culture. Headstones are affected by geographical, political, social and cultural features of each area. They have a special place for mankind believes and are affected by attitude of different people areas. Islamic eras>s headstones have various decorative array and appearances, also a great collection for studying archaeology, history, culture, art and politic of different places and is knowledgeable about social and believes of people for researchers. Studying headstones from different region of Iran indicates that they have an important place in Islamic –,Iranian < s Culture. Headstones of each region have their own specialities and Islamic eras ’, s headstones of Irans ’,s North West have a lot of variety among them. The North West area of Iran in Islamic era had a good potentiality for shaping headstones fitting the religion beliefs due to existence of different groups of people. Thus, in this area, there are so many graveyards from different periods of Islamic era left and a huge, diverse spectrum of headstones were shaped in them. However, there were no global research in terms of appearances and figurations around typology and classification of Islamic headstones of Iran < s North West region so far. Studies on headstones in terms of archeology, anthropology, linguistics, arts and other science are important and they need an intense, coherent research. Accordingly, this research studies headstones in different areas of Azerbaijan in addition to classification and typology of headstones in two aspects of appearance and decorative figuration. . The elegance and variety of form and shape of the headstones of Iran < s North West in Islamic era were an attraction for many researchers and visitors for a long time. However, headstones were less focused in terms of appearances, used array and cognitive foundations, and they deserve more comprehensive and wider researches to become a specific science study field in other cases for classifying these monuments. The research has been edited based on qualitative approach and descriptive –,analytical research method, and information gathered by library and field studies. For this purpose, about 30 graveyards of Islamic era of Iran < s North West were studied. That way Due to scattered graveyards in North West area and also no registration and unknown samples by relevant organizations, with field studies in Meshkin shahr, Khalkhal, Nir, Ardebil, Sarein, Maragheh, Varzaghan, Bostanabad, Tabriz, Marand, Ahar, Miand oab and Salmas counties some of monuments were recognized. In next phase, these data were classified and analyzed with qualitative method s and comparative study methods. Also in this research, some pictures of graveyards from Sosava, Bijagh, Gal, Varzaghan, Sefidabad, Soume ’, eh del and Salmas villages were selected and also schemes and figurations were designed and classified with analyzes from Corel and Autocad software, and in the end, we achieve a relative typology from figurations and appearances of North West headstones in Islamic era.

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APA: Copy

sattarnejad, Saeid, Narimani, Mosayeb, & Azizi, Shima. (2021). Typology, classification and analyzing headstones of Irans’,North West in Islamic era. NEGAREH, 16(59 ), 163-177. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/1031948/en

Vancouver: Copy

sattarnejad Saeid, Narimani Mosayeb, Azizi Shima. Typology, classification and analyzing headstones of Irans’,North West in Islamic era. NEGAREH[Internet]. 2021;16(59 ):163-177. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/1031948/en

IEEE: Copy

Saeid sattarnejad, Mosayeb Narimani, and Shima Azizi, “Typology, classification and analyzing headstones of Irans’,North West in Islamic era,” NEGAREH, vol. 16, no. 59 , pp. 163–177, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/1031948/en

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Scientific Information Database

ISSN: 2588-4824

Journal Paper

Typology, classification and analyzing headstones of Irans’,North West in Islamic era