EVALUATION OF COMPETITIVE ABILITY IN TWO SESAME (SESAMUM INDICUM L.) CULTIVARS WITH COCKLEBUR (XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM L.) IN DIFFERENT CROP ROW SPACING

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FOROGHI A.; GHARAKHLOU J.; GHADERI FAR F.

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Journal: Crop Production Year:2015 | Volume:8 | Issue:3 Page(s): 19-39

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Title

EVALUATION OF COMPETITIVE ABILITY IN TWO SESAME (SESAMUM INDICUM L.) CULTIVARS WITH COCKLEBUR (XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM L.) IN DIFFERENT CROP ROW SPACING

Author(s)

FOROGHI A. | GHARAKHLOU J. | GHADERI FAR F. | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

COMPETITIONQ2

DRY BIOMASSQ2

LEAF AREA INDEXQ1

WEED DENSITYQ2

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Weed management is necessary for the success of production in an agricultural system. Reduction of row spacing and increasing crop density per unit area is one of the practices to increase crop competitiveness.Another effective mean of integrated weed management is using high competitiveness cultivars. As cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) is a common weed in sesame fields of Khorasan and Moghan, Iran, current study was conducted to investigate the effect of crop row spacing and cocklebur density on height, LEAF AREA INDEX and total dry matter of two sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars.Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted at Research Farm of University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of Gorgan, Iran, during growing season in 2010. The experiment was established infactorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The factors included different densities of cocklebur (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 plant.m-2), two cultivars of sesame (Oltan, Yekta) and three sesame row spacing (35, 45 and 55 cm).Sampling was done every 14 days during the growing season to investigate the trend of growth and to determine the growth indices of sesame as well as cocklebur. In each sampling, leaf area, dry weight of stems and leaves of sesame and cocklebur was measured. Sigmoidal equation (Equation 1) was fitted to data of cumulative dry mater and LEAF AREA INDEX of sesame in COMPETITION with cocklebur at different row spacing.W (t)=a/1+exp (-b (t-m)) (Equation 1) t: time (day after planting), a: maximum LEAF AREA INDEX, b: slope (increasing rate of LEAF AREA INDEX or cumulative dry mater), m: time required for 50% maximum ofleaf area index. Vertical distribution of leaf area in canopy profiles of sesame and cocklebur was studied, too. For this purpose, plants were divided into segments in 20 cm interval and leaf area of each layer was measured separately.Results: Results showed that plant height of sesame cultivars decreased by increasing cocklebur density but the effect of row spacing had not significant effect on plant height. It seems that having more height plays an important role in the ability of Oltan to tolerate the presence of weed. More ability of Oltan to capture the resources and space in the early stages of crop growth resulted in more leaf area expanding and more competitive ability of Oltan in compare with Yekta. The sigmoid equation coefficients reduced with increasing cocklebur density. The slope of this reduction in both cultivars in 35 cm row spacing was more than 45 and 55 cm row spacing. Leaf area of sesame per layer reduced with increasing the cocklebur density in all sesame row spacing. Distribution of leaf in sesame is symmetrical parabolic shape and the maximum leaf area was located in the middle layer, but leaf area distribution in the canopy of cocklebur was asymmetric and the most LAI was distributed in the upper layers of canopy resulting in advantage of the weed in COMPETITION with sesame.

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APA: Copy

FOROGHI, A., GHARAKHLOU, J., & GHADERI FAR, F.. (2015). EVALUATION OF COMPETITIVE ABILITY IN TWO SESAME (SESAMUM INDICUM L.) CULTIVARS WITH COCKLEBUR (XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM L.) IN DIFFERENT CROP ROW SPACING. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF CROP PRODUCTION, 8(3), 19-39. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/135161/en

Vancouver: Copy

FOROGHI A., GHARAKHLOU J., GHADERI FAR F.. EVALUATION OF COMPETITIVE ABILITY IN TWO SESAME (SESAMUM INDICUM L.) CULTIVARS WITH COCKLEBUR (XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM L.) IN DIFFERENT CROP ROW SPACING. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF CROP PRODUCTION[Internet]. 2015;8(3):19-39. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/135161/en

IEEE: Copy

A. FOROGHI, J. GHARAKHLOU, and F. GHADERI FAR, “EVALUATION OF COMPETITIVE ABILITY IN TWO SESAME (SESAMUM INDICUM L.) CULTIVARS WITH COCKLEBUR (XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM L.) IN DIFFERENT CROP ROW SPACING,” ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF CROP PRODUCTION, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 19–39, 2015, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/135161/en

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