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Information Journal Paper

Title

The effect of cover crop on weed growth and saffron (Crocus sativus L.) corm yield in Neka

Pages

  41-54

Abstract

 Integrating cover plants with crops can be prioritized as a non-chemical method for weed control, promoting environmental protection and sustainable agriculture in saffron fields. This study aimed to examine the impact of cover crops on weed density and biomass in a saffron field using a randomized complete block design with three replications conducted in Neka in 2022. The experimental treatments applied in the saffron farm included: cover crop planting of Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L. ), rapeseed (Brassica napus), treatment of no weed control with cover crop (control 1) and weeds control with no cover crop (control 2). The measured traits encompassed the density and biomass of both broad-leaved and narrow-leaved weeds, the predominant weed density within the field, the Shannon-Wiener species diversity index, and performance indicators of saffron corms. These indicators included the number of daughter corms, total daughter corm yield, average daughter corm weight, average corm diameter, and corm yield across various weight groups per square meter. The results showed that barley cover crop cultivation treatment has the lowest density and biomass of broad-leaved and narrow-leaved weeds among the treatments, so its cultivation caused a decrement of 96 and 88% of the biomass of broad-leaved and narrow-leaved weeds, respectively. In addition, among cover crops, the highest species diversity related to canola and the lowest one related to barley are 0. 93 and 0. 43, respectively. With the comparison among the cover crops, the highest total yield of daughter corm belonged to canola, clover, fenugreek and then barley were 1273. 9, 1243, 1234. 8 and 1175.2 g/m2 , and the highest total corm yield, average corm weight and corm yield above 8 g was obtained withcanola cover crop cultivation, which showed an increase of 6, 79 and 14%, respectively, compared to the control with no weeding. Overall, while the weeding treatment and saffron corm yield indicators demonstrated superiority compared to other treatments, it's essential to note that planting cover plants not only enhances system stability and fertility in the long term but also offers higher economic advantages, ultimately benefiting the farmer.

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