MODELING OF SOIL AGGREGATE STABILITY USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES AND MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION

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BESALATPOUR A.A.; SHIRANI H.; ESFANDIARPOUR BORUJENI I.

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Journal: Journal of Water and Soil Year:2015 | Volume:29 | Issue:2 Page(s): 406-417

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Title

MODELING OF SOIL AGGREGATE STABILITY USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES AND MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION

Author(s)

BESALATPOUR A.A. | SHIRANI H. | ESFANDIARPOUR BORUJENI I. | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

GEOMETRIC MEAN DIAMETER (GMD)Q1

SOIL STRUCTUREQ2

SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES (SVMS)Q1

SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIESQ2

Abstract

Introduction: Soil aggregate stability is a key factor in soil resistivity to mechanical stresses, including theimpacts of rainfall and surface runoff, and thus to water erosion (Canasveras et al., 2010). Various indicatorshave been proposed to characterize and quantify soil aggregate stability, for example percentage of water-stableaggregates (WSA), mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD) of aggregates, and waterdispersible clay (WDC) content (Calero et al., 2008). Unfortunately, the experimental methods available todetermine these indicators are laborious, time-consuming and difficult to standardize (Canasveras et al., 2010).Therefore, it would be advantageous if aggregate stability could be predicted indirectly from more easilyavailable data (Besalatpour et al., 2014). The main objective of this study is to investigate the potential use ofsupport vector machines (SVMs) method for estimating soil aggregate stability (as quantified by GMD) ascompared to multiple linear regression approach.Materials and Methods: The study area was part of the Bazoft watershed (31o37′ to 32o39′ N and 49o34′to 50o32′ E), which is located in the Northern part of the Karun river basin in central Iran. A total of 160 soilsamples were collected from the top 5 cm of soil surface. Some easily available characteristics includingtopographic, vegetation, and soil properties were used as inputs. Soil organic matter (SOM) content wasdetermined by the Walkley-Black method (Nelson & Sommers, 1986). Particle size distribution in the soilsamples (clay, silt, sand, fine sand, and very fine sand) were measured using the procedure described by Gee & Bauder (1986) and calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE) content was determined by the back-titration method (Nelson, 1982). The modified Kemper & Rosenau (1986) method was used to determine wet-aggregate stability (GMD). The topographic attributes of elevation, slope, and aspect were characterized using a 20-m by 20-mdigital elevation model (DEM). The data set was divided into two subsets of training and testing. The trainingsubset was randomly chosen from 70% of the total set of the data and the remaining samples (30% of the data) were used as the testing set. The correlation coefficient (r), mean square error (MSE), and error percentage (ERROR%) between the measured and the predicted GMD values were used to evaluate the performance of themodels.Results and Discussion: The description statistics showed that there was little variability in the sampledistributions of the variables used in this study to develop the GMD prediction models, indicating that theirvalues were all normally distributed. The constructed SVM model had better performance in predicting GMDcompared to the traditional multiple linear regression model. The obtained MSE and r values for the developedSVM model for soil aggregate stability prediction were 0.005 and 0.86, respectively. The obtained ERROR%value for soil aggregate stability prediction using the SVM model was 10.7% while it was 15.7% for theregression model. The scatter plot figures also showed that the SVM model was more accurate in GMDestimation than the MLR model, since the predicted GMD values were closer in agreement with the measuredvalues for most of the samples. The worse performance of the MLR model might be due to the larger amount ofdata that is required for developing a sustainable regression model compared to intelligent systems. Furthermore, only the linear effects of the predictors on the dependent variable can be extracted by linear models while inmany cases the effects may not be linear in nature. Meanwhile, the SVM model is suitable for modellingnonlinear relationships and its major advantage is that the method can be developed without knowing the exactform of the analytical function on which the model should be built. All these indicate that the SVM approachwould be a better choice for predicting soil aggregate stability.Conclusion: The pixel-scale soil aggregate stability predicted that using the developed SVM and MLRmodels demonstrates the usefulness of incorporating topographic and vegetation information along with the soilproperties as predictors. However, the SVM model achieved more accuracy in predicting soil aggregate stabilitycompared to the MLR model. Therefore, it appears that support vector machines can be used for prediction of some SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES such as geometric mean diameter of soil aggregates in the study area. Furthermore, despite the high predictive accuracy of the SVM method compared to the MLR technique which was confirmedby the obtained results in the current study, the advantages of the SVM method such as its intrinsic effectivenesswith respect to traditional prediction methods, less effort in setting up the control parameters for architecture design, the possibility of solving the learning problem according to constrained quadratic programming methods, etc., should motivate soil scientists to work on it further in the future.

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APA: Copy

BESALATPOUR, A.A., SHIRANI, H., & ESFANDIARPOUR BORUJENI, I.. (2015). MODELING OF SOIL AGGREGATE STABILITY USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES AND MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION. JOURNAL OF WATER AND SOIL (AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY), 29(2), 406-417. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/141060/en

Vancouver: Copy

BESALATPOUR A.A., SHIRANI H., ESFANDIARPOUR BORUJENI I.. MODELING OF SOIL AGGREGATE STABILITY USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES AND MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION. JOURNAL OF WATER AND SOIL (AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY)[Internet]. 2015;29(2):406-417. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/141060/en

IEEE: Copy

A.A. BESALATPOUR, H. SHIRANI, and I. ESFANDIARPOUR BORUJENI, “MODELING OF SOIL AGGREGATE STABILITY USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES AND MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION,” JOURNAL OF WATER AND SOIL (AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY), vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 406–417, 2015, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/141060/en

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