THE EFFECTS OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA FUNGI ON DRY MATTER AND CONCENTRATIONS OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM IN BERSEEM CLOVER, BY CADMIUM STRESS

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ARAM H.; GOLCHIN A.

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Journal: Journal of Water and Soil Year:2015 | Volume:29 | Issue:2 Page(s): 466-476

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Title

THE EFFECTS OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA FUNGI ON DRY MATTER AND CONCENTRATIONS OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM IN BERSEEM CLOVER, BY CADMIUM STRESS

Author(s)

ARAM H. | GOLCHIN A. | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAQ2

CADMIUMQ2

CLOVERQ2

CONCENTRATION OF NUTRIENTQ2

Abstract

Introduction: Soil contaminations with heavy metals represent a potential risk to the biosphere and leads toincreased concentration in ground and surface water. Therefore metals mobility in soil has been extensivelystudied in the last decades. Use of agrochemicals such as synthetic fertilizers and pesticides has resulted in soiland water pollution, and loss of biodiversity. CADMIUM is a heavy metal with a strong effect on crop quality. Moreover, it is a very mobile element in the environment. Plants can easily uptake CADMIUM and transfer it toother organs. Experiments on the effects of CADMIUM on the contents of macro elements in plants are scarce andtherefore the mechanism of its effect has not yet been fully explained. Contaminated soil can be remediated bychemical, physical or biological techniques. Mycorrhiza is the mutualistic symbiosis (non-pathogenicassociation) between soil-borne fungi with the roots of higher plants. ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAl fungi (AMF) areobligate biotrophs, which can form mutualistic symbioses with the roots of around 80% of plant species. ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA have been observed to play a vital role in metal tolerance and accumulation. Manyworkers have reported enhancement of phosphate uptake and growth of leguminous plants by vesiculararbuscular mycorhizal fungi (AMF).Materials and Methods: One study performed the factorial experiment based on completely randomizeddesign (CRD) with three replications in the greenhouse of Agriculture Faculty of Zanjan University. Theexamined factors include different levels of ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAl fungi inoculation (Glomus mosseae) (withand without inoculation), and different levels of soil contamination by CADMIUM (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ppm). Inthis study, ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAl fungi Glomus mosseae species were used. These fungi were prepared by thePlant Protection Clinic in Iran – Hamedan. The soil was prepared of arable land of depth of 0-20 cm at theUniversity of Zanjan, after the complete analysis of soil and obtaining the chemical and physical properties inthe laboratory.6 kg of soil was weighed for each pot and then the soil was contaminated. CADMIUM sulfate wasused in this experiment. The mycorrhizal fungi weighed 150 grams and was mixed with the soil. After mixingthe soil with mycorrhizal fungi, the soil was put in pots and then it was cultivated with CLOVER. In this study, CLOVER seeds weighed 0/5 grams and were disinfected with 10% hydrogen peroxide solution and were added toeach pot. Distilled water was used for irrigation. After the completion of growth of plants (about 70 day), plantaerial parts and roots were harvested and before measuring, they were washed with distilled water and then weredried in the oven for 72 hours. Plant aerial parts were harvested. Data were analyzed by SAS (version 9) andMSTATC (version 2.10) software, and obtained variance analysis tables. Mean comparison of different treatments was conducted by Duncan test. Charts were obtained by excel software.Results and Discussion: The results showed that the effects of ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAl fungi were significanton all traits measured (P<0.01). With increasing CADMIUM concentration in soil, dry matter of 37% and 39%, nitrogen concentration of 35% and 28%, Potassium 9/27% and 37%, and phosphorus concentration of 37% and39%, reduced in root and aerial, respectively. Also the results showed that ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAl fungiincreased dry matter amount by 42% and 26%, nitrogen concentration by 40.3% and 30%, phosphorusconcentration by 6% and 15.4%, potassium concentrations by 54% and 91.2% in root and aerial, respectively. Interaction between CADMIUM levels and mycorrhizal fungi in statistics was significant on dry matter aerial, nitrogen concentration in aerial and root, and potassium concentrations in plant root (P<0.01).Conclusion: The results showed that mycorrhizal fungi were significant on all traits measured in one percentlevel. CADMIUM reduced the CONCENTRATION OF NUTRIENTs in the plant; but mycorrhizal fungi increased nutrientconcentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the plant. Previous studies have shown that externalhyphae of mycorrhizal fungi are able to provide their symbiotic plant potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus.Ghazala reported that nutrient uptake of mycorrhizal plants was higher when compared with non-mycorrhizal. Itseems that the ability of ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAl fungi in CONCENTRATION OF NUTRIENTs depends on fungal species, soil condition, and host plant.

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APA: Copy

ARAM, H., & GOLCHIN, A.. (2015). THE EFFECTS OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA FUNGI ON DRY MATTER AND CONCENTRATIONS OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM IN BERSEEM CLOVER, BY CADMIUM STRESS. JOURNAL OF WATER AND SOIL (AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY), 29(2), 466-476. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/141074/en

Vancouver: Copy

ARAM H., GOLCHIN A.. THE EFFECTS OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA FUNGI ON DRY MATTER AND CONCENTRATIONS OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM IN BERSEEM CLOVER, BY CADMIUM STRESS. JOURNAL OF WATER AND SOIL (AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY)[Internet]. 2015;29(2):466-476. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/141074/en

IEEE: Copy

H. ARAM, and A. GOLCHIN, “THE EFFECTS OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA FUNGI ON DRY MATTER AND CONCENTRATIONS OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM IN BERSEEM CLOVER, BY CADMIUM STRESS,” JOURNAL OF WATER AND SOIL (AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY), vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 466–476, 2015, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/141074/en

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