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Information Journal Paper

Title

Combined effects of Biochar and Nitrogen on some Agronomical Triats of Rapseed and Water Use Efficiency under Water Deficit Conditions

Pages

  103-124

Abstract

 Abstract Background& Objective: In this research, the effects of combined application of Biochar and nitrogen (N) fertilizer on some agronomical traits of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L. ), under water deficit stress conditions were studied in pot culture with a calcareous sandy loam soil.   Methods & Maerials: A factorial experiment was done in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The factors were organic matter at five levels (0, 0. 75, and 1. 5 g 100 g-1 from two sources  of Biochar and Wheat Straw), N at two levels (150 and 300 mg kg-1 as urea), and moisture at two levels (without stress or optimum, 85–100 percent of field capacity, and stress, 50-60 percent of field capacity). Before the plants harvesting, leaf chlorophyll index, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and leaf area were measured. After the plant harvesting, water use efficiency, and some agronomical triats were determined.   Results: Application of nitrogen and Biochar significantly increased leaf chlorophyll index, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, shoot dry matter weight, grain dry matter weight,   weight of one thousand seeds, water use efficiency and seed oil content. Wheat Straw application decreased leaf chlorophyll index, number of leaves, relative water content, leaf water potential and leaf water use efficiency, but at the same time increased plant height, , stem diameter, stomatal conductance, shoot dry matter weight, , dry weight of seed, and thousand seed weight compared to the treatment without organic matter. Water defecit stress decreased the plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, stomatal conductance, relative water content, leaf water potential, pod number, fresh and dry weights of shoot, fresh and dry weights of root, fresh and dry weights of seed and weight of one thousand seed, except for water use efficiency and leaf chlorophyll index.   Conclusion: In this greenhouse study, B1. 5 N150 FC0. 5 treatment reduced nitrogen use compared to the same treatment with 300 mg N. kg-1 soil (B1. 5 N300 FC0. 5) without significant yield loss. The application of organic matter including Wheat Straw and Biochar at both levels of 0. 75% and 1. 5% caused a significant increase in most of the agronomical traits of Rapeseed plants, especially the seed oil content in a calcareous soil, and of course, future research in the field is recommended.

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