LEGIBLE URBAN LANDMARKS: A TYPOLOGICAL APPROACH (CASE STUDY: VALI’ASR STREET IN TEHRAN)

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MOHAMMAD HASSANI ELINA; TOGHRAEI ABOLFAZL; MIRGHOLAMI MORTEZA

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Journal: HOVIATESHAHR Year:2016 | Volume:10 | Issue:25 Page(s): 61-74

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Title

LEGIBLE URBAN LANDMARKS: A TYPOLOGICAL APPROACH (CASE STUDY: VALI’ASR STREET IN TEHRAN)

Author(s)

MOHAMMAD HASSANI ELINA | TOGHRAEI ABOLFAZL | MIRGHOLAMI MORTEZA | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

URBAN LANDMARKSQ2

SEMANTIC LANDMARKSQ2

STRUCTURAL PATHWAYSQ2

MENTAL MAPQ2

Abstract

Studies on perceived quality of urban environments, look for ways of establishing harmonious relationship between people and cities. In the contemporary city, this harmony cannot be seen properly in the relationship between people and elements that are important in urban legibility. URBAN LANDMARKS are one kind of those elements that we observe a chaotic attendance for them in Iran’s capital, Tehran. The most common definitions of landmarks indicate that they are some recognizable natural or man-made features used for navigation, features that stands out from their near environment and are often visible from long distances. In urban studies as well as in geography, a landmark is furthermore defined as an external point of reference that helps orienting in a familiar or unfamiliar environment. Also, it should be noted that we know URBAN LANDMARKS as significant elements in both urban landscape and image. They are conceivably the most fundamental pieces of spatial information as they are used for a wide collection of tasks related to the description, understanding of and reasoning about our physical environment. In this paper, we propose a conceptual framework for legibility factors of URBAN LANDMARKS along urban STRUCTURAL PATHWAYS with emphasis on form, function and meaning. In other words, this paper is to answer the question "which factors play the most important role in changing an element, building, etc. to an urban landmark along STRUCTURAL PATHWAYS?" Therefore, in this qualitative research, after considering and summarizing the literature review, a conceptual framework based on the ideas of Lynch, Appleyard and Rapoport was developed. Also, people were requested to specify URBAN LANDMARKS they know on a simplified map of the street. Then we identified the most important landmarks (along Vali’asr street in Tehran) based on analyzing people's MENTAL MAPs. After all, main factors/ features of the landmarks were extracted and summarized. The important feature of this study is not only considering urban landmark as a phenomenon consists of the dialectical relationship between the three components (form, function and meaning), but this is also going to propose a typological analysis of the factors mentioned above and their variables. Reviewing literature on URBAN LANDMARKS shows that the main emphasis of relevant studies is more on formal and visual aspects rather than functional and semantic. So the focus of the paper on the meaning of landmarks tried to be comprehensive and novel. The results of this study are to be used primarily for urban designers, urban planners and architects to understand what features are important for people to identify an element as a landmark during the time, and help them to decrease the current chaos in urban landscape especially in developing countries urban areas. The results show that functional and formal aspects of landmarks play a more important role, respectively, in the legibility of URBAN LANDMARKS. Also type of use, intensity of use and visibility have greatest impact on identifying those elements. On the other hand, we observed that functional, formal and formal-functional landmarks are, respectively, main types in the case study.

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