Effects of urea integration with manure and two types of compost (municipal waste and sewage sludge) on concentrations of micronutrients and sodium in wheat leaf, stem and seed

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NAJAFI N.; Ahmadinezhad r.; ALIASGHARZAD N.; OUSTAN SH.

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Journal: Journal of Water and Soil Conservation Year:2019 | Volume:26 | Issue:3 Page(s): 1-27

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Title

Effects of urea integration with manure and two types of compost (municipal waste and sewage sludge) on concentrations of micronutrients and sodium in wheat leaf, stem and seed

Author(s)

NAJAFI N. | Ahmadinezhad r. | ALIASGHARZAD N. | OUSTAN SH. | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Integrated management of plant nutritionQ2

ManureQ2

Municipal solid waste compostQ3

Sewage sludgeQ2

WheatQ1

Abstract

Background and Objectives: To improve soil fertility, increase water and nutrient holding capacity in soil, increase water penetration in soil, reduce soil erosion and improve plant growth and yield, use of different organic fertilizers in soil is of high importance due to lack of organic matter in most soils of Iran. However, these fertilizers alone can not meet the needs of the plants and are not sufficiently available to farmers. On the other hand, the high consumption of chemical fertilizers causes environmental pollution and increases production costs. Therefore, in order to increase effectiveness of organic and chemical fertilizers and to achieve sustainable agriculture, integrated application of organic and chemical fertilizers is recommended. The deficiencies of micronutrients in the most agricultural soils often reduce the yield and quality of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ) as a strategic crop in Iran. Therefore, the appropriate concentrations of these nutrients in Wheat seed and straw are important not only for the optimum yield of the Wheat plant and its quality improvement but also for the health of humans and animals. In order to improve micronutrients nutrition of Wheat and its quality the integrated management of soil fertility is essential. Materials and Methods: This research was carried out to study the effects of urea combining with farmyard Manure (FYM), Municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) and municipal Sewage sludge compost (MSSC) on concentrations of micronutrients and sodium in seed, leaf and stem of Wheat cultivar Alvand. The experiment was done in a randomized complete blocks design with 15 treatments and three replications under field conditions at Khalatposhan Agricultural Research Station, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. The treatments included were: 1) control (without fertilizers), 2) 150 kg urea/ha, 3) 300 kg urea/ha, 4) 30 ton MSWC/ha, 5) 30 ton MSWC/ha + 150 kg urea/ha, 6) 60 ton MSWC/ha, 7) 60 ton MSWC/ha + 150 kg urea/ha, 8) 30 ton MSSC/ha, 9) 30 ton MSSC/ha + 150 kg urea/ha, 10) 60 ton MSSC/ha, 11) 60 ton MSSC/ha + 150 kg urea/ha, 12) 30 ton FYM/ha, 13) 30 ton FYM/ha + 150 kg urea/ha, 14) 60 ton FYM/ha, 15) 60 ton FYM/ha + 150 kg urea/ha. The size of each plot was 2. 0 m × 1. 9 m. At the end of growth period, the plants were harvested and the concentrations of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and sodium (Na) in their seeds, leaves and stems were measured. Results: The results showed that the effects of treatments on the concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn in different sections of Wheat (except seed Cu concentration) were significant (P<0. 01). The application of 300 kg urea/ha significantly increased Fe concentration in seed and stem, Cu concentration in leaf and stem, Mn concentration in leaf and Na concentration in stem as compared with the control. There was a significant positive correlation between Zn concentration in leaf and urea fertilizer level. The use of FYM, MSWC and MSSC significantly increased the concentrations of Fe and Zn in seed, and concentrations of Fe, Zn and Mn in leaf and stem relative to the control. The concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn in different sections of Wheat in integrated treatments especially in combined application of 150 kg urea and 60 ton FYM, MSWC and MSSC per hectare were greater than other treatments while the seed Na concentrations in these treatments were lower than other treatments. The mean concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and Na in different sections of Wheat were in the order of leaf > stem > seed, seed > leaf > stem, seed > leaf > stem, stem > seed > leaf, and stem > leaf > seed, respectively. There were significant correlations between the concentrations of the elements in different Wheat sections. Conclusions: In general, to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and to achieve sustainable, improvement of Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn nutrition of Wheat plant, and improvement of Wheat seed and straw quality, the combined application of 150 kg urea and 30 or 60 ton Manure or Municipal solid waste compost or municipal Sewage sludge compost per hectare could be recommended at similar conditions.

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APA: Copy

NAJAFI, N., Ahmadinezhad, r., ALIASGHARZAD, N., & OUSTAN, SH.. (2019). Effects of urea integration with manure and two types of compost (municipal waste and sewage sludge) on concentrations of micronutrients and sodium in wheat leaf, stem and seed. JOURNAL OF WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION (JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND NATURAL RESOURCES), 26(3 ), 1-27. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/156525/en

Vancouver: Copy

NAJAFI N., Ahmadinezhad r., ALIASGHARZAD N., OUSTAN SH.. Effects of urea integration with manure and two types of compost (municipal waste and sewage sludge) on concentrations of micronutrients and sodium in wheat leaf, stem and seed. JOURNAL OF WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION (JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND NATURAL RESOURCES)[Internet]. 2019;26(3 ):1-27. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/156525/en

IEEE: Copy

N. NAJAFI, r. Ahmadinezhad, N. ALIASGHARZAD, and SH. OUSTAN, “Effects of urea integration with manure and two types of compost (municipal waste and sewage sludge) on concentrations of micronutrients and sodium in wheat leaf, stem and seed,” JOURNAL OF WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION (JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND NATURAL RESOURCES), vol. 26, no. 3 , pp. 1–27, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/156525/en

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