Investigation of Shannon entropy theory in weighting of water quality index (case study: Mighan aquifer)

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PARSAMEHR A.H.; MALEKINEZHAD H.; KHOSRAVANI Z.

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Journal: IRANIAN WATER RESEARCH JOURNAL Year:2018 | Volume:12 | Issue:2 (29) Page(s): 101-110

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Title

Investigation of Shannon entropy theory in weighting of water quality index (case study: Mighan aquifer)

Author(s)

PARSAMEHR A.H. | MALEKINEZHAD H. | KHOSRAVANI Z. | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Entropy theoryQ2

Factor analysisQ1

Mighan plainQ1

Water quality indexQ1

Abstract

Water, as the most vital resources, is essential to sustain life. Based on the fundamental quality, water is used in different sectors such as domestic, agriculture, power, and industry. Therefore, we should have some basic information on quantity and quality of water resources for its proper usage and management. Due to increasing population and development activities, continuous growth in water demands has being resulted in utilizing groundwater more than the surface water resource which has led to groundwater depletion. However, due to the disposal of massive industrial effluents and mining activities, the groundwater quality is deteriorating as reported by various researchers in different parts of the world. Water quality index (WQI) is useful for assessment of the suitability of waters for a variety of uses such as agriculture, aquaculture, and domestic. WQI is used to relate a group of parameters to a common scale and combining them into a single number. WQI is one of the most effective tools to provide feedback on the quality of water to the policy makers and environmentalists. It determines the overall water quality status of a certain time and location. There are some WQIs that have been developed to evaluate water quality all over the world. These indices use various numbers of water quality parameters. Mighan plain with the area of 546 km2 and lies between latitude 33° 53’ and 34° 47’ North and longitude 49° 20’ and 50° 19’ East. This basin is located in Markazi Province, near the Arak city. In the terms of hydrological conditions, this area is a closed basin that runoff, caused by rain, is collected in the central part. The thickness of sediment that returned to Quaternary approximately is 50 to 70 m. In this research, 11 groundwater parameters (including: No3, EC, pH, Ni, Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe, TDS, DO, and BOD) was used, which are tremendously important for the groundwater quality evaluation for drinking purposes. Therefore, the qualitative data of groundwater from 40 wells during the period 2006-2016 in Mighan plain were gathered. To reduce data and use an effective parameter, Factor analysis was used. It allows researchers to investigate concepts that are not easily measured directly, by collapsing a large number of variables into a few interpretable underlying factors. In order to calculate of WQI, several equations were applied. One of the important parts of WQI calculation was determination of weights of the parameters. Assuming that the weights are equal or having a personal view about the weights may be led to unreliable consequences. Therefore, in order to determine the weight of parameters, Shannon Entropy theory was used. In the next step, the Entropy Water quality index (EWQI) was calculated. Finally, by ArcGIS software and IDW method, zoning of water quality was carried out. The results of calculation of the weight for each parameters showed that the Cu parameter had the highest weight (34. 82%) and the parameters of Zn and BOD with the percentage of 19% were in the next importance. While some of the parameters had no restrictions, the parameters such as EC, TDS and Pb had. The EC parameter is over optimal in most samples (more than 95% of wells), and this amount sometimes reaches 13 times the desired level. The amount of Pb and TDS in more than 50% of the samples exceeds the desired level. Also, some parameters had no limitations such as: pH, Cu and Z, in all samples; and NO3, Ni and Fe parameters in over 95% of the samples. Factor analysis showed that 70 percent of the variance of groundwater quality in the analyzed study area is influenced by the five components. Meanwhile, component 1 has the highest impact with more than 21% of variations, and then components 2 to 5 with 13. 91, 13. 02, 10. 92 and 10. 7%, respectively have the most important components affecting on water quality of Mighan plain. Classification of samples based on weighted EWQI showed that 57. 5 percent of samples had very good quality, 27. 5 percent had good quality, 12. 5 percent had moderate quality, and 2. 5 percent had bad quality. Finally, the use of Shannon Entropy theory is a beneficial method for analyzing the uncertainty and fluctuations of each groundwater quality factor. Therefore, the use of this method is recommended.

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APA: Copy

PARSAMEHR, A.H., MALEKINEZHAD, H., & KHOSRAVANI, Z.. (2018). Investigation of Shannon entropy theory in weighting of water quality index (case study: Mighan aquifer). IRANIAN WATER RESEARCH JOURNAL, 12(2 (29) ), 101-110. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/159784/en

Vancouver: Copy

PARSAMEHR A.H., MALEKINEZHAD H., KHOSRAVANI Z.. Investigation of Shannon entropy theory in weighting of water quality index (case study: Mighan aquifer). IRANIAN WATER RESEARCH JOURNAL[Internet]. 2018;12(2 (29) ):101-110. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/159784/en

IEEE: Copy

A.H. PARSAMEHR, H. MALEKINEZHAD, and Z. KHOSRAVANI, “Investigation of Shannon entropy theory in weighting of water quality index (case study: Mighan aquifer),” IRANIAN WATER RESEARCH JOURNAL, vol. 12, no. 2 (29) , pp. 101–110, 2018, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/159784/en

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