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Information Journal Paper

Title

Efficiency of drip irrigation method in tomato fields under salinity conditions of water resources

Pages

  137-145

Abstract

 In recent decades, saline water use in agricultural production has increased dramatically. In many parts of the world, drainage water is used to irrigate farms. But the safe use of saline water requires proper irrigation management. Also, the effects of irrigation methods on salt distribution in soil profile and crop yield are different. Tomato is the most important crop in southern Iran (Bushehr province), with arid and semi-arid climatic conditions. In recent years, many efforts have been made by the government to develop drip irrigated tomato fields by supporting the farmers. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of water salinity on yield, Water use efficiency and fruit quality of tomato in the region. The study was carried out during one cropping season (2010-2011) at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Bushehr (51° 32′ E and 35° 51′ E; with the elevation of 100 meters above sea level). The experiment was conducted as split plot in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four levels of water salinity (1. 1, 3. 5, 5. 5 and 7. 5 dS. m-1) as main plots, and three levels of Irrigation intervals (2, 4 and 7 days) as subplots with three replications. So, a drip tape irrigation system was designed and installed in accordance with the research objectives and laterals were placed in surficial furrows (The common method of farmers in the region). Tomato seedlings were planted on the sides of the droplet tape at a distance of about 10 cm (November 11, 2010). The treatments were started about 30 days after transplanting. Until this time, all plots were irrigated with fresh water (1. 1 dS. m-1) and at 2 days intervals. Penman-Monteith method was used to calculate the crop water requirements. According to the results, the mean of crop yield (Y), irrigation Water use efficiency (IWUE) and fruit weight (FW) decreased significantly (P≤ 0. 05) with increasing Irrigation interval and Irrigation water salinity. So, with increasing Irrigation interval from 2 to 7 days, mean values of Y, IWUE and FW decreased by 20, 19 and 26%, respectively. Also, with increasing salinity of irrigation water from 1. 1 dS. m-1 to 7. 5 dS. m-1, these values decreased by 33, 39 and 32%, respectively. Variation trend of meteorological parameters during cropping season showed the minimum evaporative demand of the atmosphere in the final decades of the crop vegetative growth stage (which coincided with winter rainfall), high relative humidity and the drop in temperature. However, in the reproductive growth stage due to the early onset of heat, more than 50% of the total evaporation occurred only in the last two months of growth period (March and April), and evapotranspiration increased sharply. So, during the vegetative growth stage, the crop did not encounter with any moisture shortage at the examined Irrigation intervals. While, during the reproductive growth stage the crop was exposed to moisture stress only at 7 days Irrigation interval. Therefore, despite the significant effects of Irrigation intervals on Y, IWUE and FW, Irrigation intervals of 2 and 4 were in the same group (A). This result means that at high Irrigation water salinity, with increasing Irrigation interval up to 4 days, no significant reduction occurs in crop yield which is important in terms of irrigation planning. In general, under climatic conditions and soil characteristics of the experiment site, yield loss due to water salinity was far lower than that reported in FAO No. 29 paper. Also, with increasing Irrigation interval and salinity of water, fruit quality improved in terms of the amount of soluble solids (TSS). During vegetable stage of crop season, due to low water demand of atmosphere and high soil moisture content at Irrigation intervals, which reduces soil salt concentration, as well as precipitation and leaching of salt from the root environment, the negative effects of higher levels of Irrigation water on plant decreases. Therefore, it can be concluded that climate and soil conditions of the research site have a significant role in reducing the effects of salinity stress on tomato growth and yield. Furthermore, by increasing salinity of irrigation water, soil salinity increased too. However, in all examined treatments, salinity changes in different soil layers differed as affected by evaporation from soil surface, re-distribution of moisture and Salt leaching downward. In all treatments (except for I1S4 and I2S4 treatments), soil salinity (ECe) in the surface layer (0-30 cm depth) and the middle layer (30-60 cm) at the end of the growing season, compared with the initial salinity (about 7. 0 dS. m-1), showed a noticeable decrease. This reduction indicates Salt leaching downward due to rainwater or irrigation water. The placement of laterals in surface furrows caused irrigation water or rainwater to accumulate inside them. As a result, the vertical movement of water and consequently the vertical movement of salt increased relative to its lateral motion, and contrary to the usual, salinity in the lower layer (depth 30-60 cm) was increased.

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    APA: Copy

    NOWROOZI, M., & ZOLFI BAVARIANI, M.. (2019). Efficiency of drip irrigation method in tomato fields under salinity conditions of water resources. IRANIAN WATER RESEARCH JOURNAL, 13(3 (34) ), 137-145. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/159864/en

    Vancouver: Copy

    NOWROOZI M., ZOLFI BAVARIANI M.. Efficiency of drip irrigation method in tomato fields under salinity conditions of water resources. IRANIAN WATER RESEARCH JOURNAL[Internet]. 2019;13(3 (34) ):137-145. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/159864/en

    IEEE: Copy

    M. NOWROOZI, and M. ZOLFI BAVARIANI, “Efficiency of drip irrigation method in tomato fields under salinity conditions of water resources,” IRANIAN WATER RESEARCH JOURNAL, vol. 13, no. 3 (34) , pp. 137–145, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/159864/en

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