The Effects of Milk Supplement (Roumak Extra) on Performance, Nutritional and Non-Nutritional Behavior of Holstein Suckling Calves

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Delir s.; MOHAMMADZADEH H.; TAGHIZADEH A.; PAYA H.

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Journal: JOURNAL OF RUMINANT RESEARCH Year:2020 | Volume:8 | Issue:1 Page(s): 35-48

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Title

The Effects of Milk Supplement (Roumak Extra) on Performance, Nutritional and Non-Nutritional Behavior of Holstein Suckling Calves

Author(s)

Delir s. | MOHAMMADZADEH H. | TAGHIZADEH A. | PAYA H. | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

MineralsQ1

ProbioticsQ2

StarterQ2

Suckling calveQ2

VitaminQ1

Abstract

Background and objectives: Suckling calves do not eat enough solid food in the first few weeks of life due to the lack of developed rumen. Therefore, milk or milk replacer in this period is the most important source of energy, protein and other essential nutrients for the growth and health of calves. There is a shortage of some Minerals and Vitamins in whole cow milk. Also, the level of Vitamin B production in newborn calves is not sufficient due to the incomplete development of the digestive tract. Then this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of milk supplementation (Roumak Extra) of Vitamins and Minerals on performance of infant Holstein calves. Materials and methods: Roumak Extra supplement was prepared from Soha Aghrin Tech Co. which consists of Vitamins (water soluble and fat soluble), micro Minerals and Probiotics. The average birth weight of calves was 36. 76 ± 5. 80 kg. Each treatment consisted of 10 calves which were examined in individual boxes for 60 days (four periods of 15-day). This research was carried out in a completely randomized design with three treatments as follows: 1-control treatment (CON) without supplementation of Roumak Extra 2-Treatment LRE by adding15 grams Roumak Extra supplement per liter of milk 3-Treatment HRE with the addition of 25 grams Roumak Extra supplement per liter of milk. Whole milk was fed to calves at two meal at 9: 00 and 17: 00. Starter was identical in terms of crude protein (20%) and metabolizable energy (3. 3 Mcal/kg). Calves had free access to Starter and water from the beginning of the plan. Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, nutritional behaviors, growth parameters and blood metabolites data were analyzed by mixed procedures of SAS software. Results: Body weight changes and daily gain were not significant between the supplemental calves and the control group (P˃ 0. 05). Consumption of Starter was significantly higher in control group when compared with supplement received treatments (P˃ 0. 05). Dry matter digestibility increased in supplemented treatments when compared to control group (P < 0. 05). However, feed conversion ratio was improved in supplemented treatments (P˃ 0. 05). Roumak Extra supplementation had no significant effect on water and straw consumption time (P˃ 0. 05). There is no significant difference between treatments in terms of lying, standing and ruminating time (P˃ 0. 05). However, the time of Starter consumption was higher in control group when compared with supplemented treatments (P˃ 0. 05). Blood concentration of albumin, glucose and betahydroxybutyrate were not affected by supplementation (P˃ 0. 05). But, blood total protein and urea concentration was higher in control group when compared with supplement received calves. The effect of Vitamin and mineral supplementation of Roumak Extra on the growth of the skeletal system (round the chest, widther height and loin height) was also were not significant between treatments (P˃ 0. 05). Conclusion: In general, despite the decrease in feed intake and the time spent on it, due to higher dry matter digestibility and improvement in feed conversion ratio, the final weight and daily weight gain of the receiving calves on supplemented were same as control group representing an improvement in calves' performance.

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