Allelopathic Effects of Mustard (Sinapis arvensis) on Germination, Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

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ALIZADEH YASER; Zeidali Ehsan; Hassaneian Khoshro Hamid

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Journal: IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SEED RESEARCH Year:2019 | Volume:5 | Issue:2 Page(s): 59-71

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Title

Allelopathic Effects of Mustard (Sinapis arvensis) on Germination, Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

Author(s)

ALIZADEH YASER | Zeidali Ehsan | Hassaneian Khoshro Hamid | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

ChlorophyllQ2

Germination percentageQ2

ProlineQ2

ProteinQ2

Soluble sugarQ2

Abstract

Introduction: Crop rotations are practiced to eliminate the effect of monoculture. However, the succeeding crop may be influenced by the phytotoxins released by the preceding crop. Among plants, Brassica species contain allelochemical compounds as glucosinolate, which is, under special conditions, released to the environment and affects seed germination and plant growth. Wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L. ) as a weed in 30 crops in 52 countries has a series of allelopathic effects that prevent germination of other plants. Products of glucosinolate-like ionic thiocyanate (SCN-) inhibit the root or shoot growth of many crop species. In addition, volatile compounds like isoprenoid and benzenoid released from Brassica tissue degradation may suppress many crops’ growth. It was also found in many studies that allelochemicals, which inhibit the growth of some species at certain concentrations, might stimulate the growth of the same or different species at lower concentrations. The present research was conducted to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract concentration of various mustard parts on barley seed germination and seedling growth. Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate the allelopathic effects of mustard on agro ecosystems, a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications was carried out in the Botany Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty, Illam University in 2014. Experimental treatments included five concentrations of mustards foliage and root aqueous extract (0, 10, 30, 50, and 70 percent) that were studied at germination and early growth stages of barley (cv. Abidar) in two separate experiments. In the seed germination phase, the effects of aqueous extract of mustard on germination rate and Germination percentage of barley seed were measured. In the study of the effect of aqueous extract of mustard on barley seedlings, weight and length of root and shoot, leaf Chlorophyll content, Proline and Soluble sugars content were measured. Results: The results showed that the highest amount of barley seed Germination percentage and germination rate (100 and 19. 5, respectively) were observed in the control and the lowest amount (40 and 9. 5, respectively) belonged to mustard root aqueous treatment with 70 percent concentration. The highest decrease in barley seedlings length and weight were observed at the highest concentration of aqueous extract. The amount of Chlorophyll a decreased from 2. 39 in the control to 1. 66 mg per fresh weight in 70 percent concentration of aqueous extract treatment. The highest amount of Proline (66. 8 μ M per fresh weight) in barley foliage was observed in 70 percent aqueous extract treatment. The results of this study showed that mustard allelopathic effect may be a possible mechanism controlling the barley germination and early growth stage in agro ecosystems. Conclusion: Generally speaking, the findings suggest that in the short run, mustard extract has toxicity effects on barley germination and growth so much so that aqueous extract has adverse effects on almost all th characteristics measured. Depending on the concentrations of mustard extract, allelopathic activity will vary. Further investigations are also needed to determine the influence of cultivar variations, and to identify the active compounds involved in mustard auto toxicity and allelopathy.

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APA: Copy

ALIZADEH, YASER, Zeidali, Ehsan, & Hassaneian Khoshro, Hamid. (2019). Allelopathic Effects of Mustard (Sinapis arvensis) on Germination, Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Barley (Hordeum vulgare). IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SEED RESEARCH, 5(2 ), 59-71. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/364911/en

Vancouver: Copy

ALIZADEH YASER, Zeidali Ehsan, Hassaneian Khoshro Hamid. Allelopathic Effects of Mustard (Sinapis arvensis) on Germination, Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Barley (Hordeum vulgare). IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SEED RESEARCH[Internet]. 2019;5(2 ):59-71. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/364911/en

IEEE: Copy

YASER ALIZADEH, Ehsan Zeidali, and Hamid Hassaneian Khoshro, “Allelopathic Effects of Mustard (Sinapis arvensis) on Germination, Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Barley (Hordeum vulgare),” IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SEED RESEARCH, vol. 5, no. 2 , pp. 59–71, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/364911/en

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