Effect of iron source on performance, some minerals, thyroid hormones and blood metabolites of Mehraban male lambs

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ALIARABI H.; ZAND N.; BAHARI A.A.; Hajivaliei M.; ZABOLI KH.

Title

Effect of iron source on performance, some minerals, thyroid hormones and blood metabolites of Mehraban male lambs

Author(s)

Keywords

Iron sulphateQ2

Nano iron oxideQ1

SheepQ2

Weight gainQ1

Abstract

Introduction: Iron is one of the essential trace elements for livestock, which is essential for the transport, storage and use of oxygen. Iron is one of the components of hemoglobin, myoglobin, transferrin, cytochromes and many enzymatic systems including catalase, peroxidase, phenylalanine and hydroxylase. Providing iron in the diet improves hematologic parameters and growth performances of calf and lamb. Also, the presence of iron in the diet is necessary for appetite, secretion of thyroid hormones and glucose metabolism. Recently compounds as nanoparticles using nanotechnology have been released. Changes in particle size to the nano-particle (size less than 100 nm) increase surface to volume ratio and change their other characteristics. Increasing the surface area of the nanoparticles allows their interactions with organic and inorganic molecules occur differently. One of these compounds is iron oxide nanoparticle which is used in various industrial fields and even as feed additive. Since the experiments and research on iron nanoparticles have not been carried out in the field of ruminant nutrition, so far this experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of two types of iron (Nano iron oxide and iron sulfate) on performance (feed intake and average daily gain), plasma concentration of some minerals, thyroid hormones and hematological parameters of growing Mehraban lambs. Material and methods: In this experiment, 30 male lambs with 4 ± 0. 5 months age and average live weight of 27. 1 ± 1. 51 kg in a completely randomized design were used for 60 days. The lambs were placed indoor in 2×1 meter individual cage with a cement floor and received water and feed individually and ad libitum. The treatments were: 1) basal diet (control), 2) basal diet + 25 mg/kg iron as nanoparticles of iron oxide, 3) basal diet + 50 mg/kg iron as nanoparticles of iron oxide, 4) basal diet + 25 mg/kg iron as ferrous sulfate and 5) basal diet + 50 mg/kg iron as ferrous sulfate. Diets were offered to the animals in the morning (8: 00) and evening (16: 00). In the beginning of the experiment, before morning feeding, lambs were weighed in two consecutive days with 16 hours feed and water deprivation and the average weight of these two days for each animal was considered as weight of day zero. Feed intake on a daily basis in every single lamb was measured. All lambs every 15 days (2 consecutive days) before morning feeding (with a 16-hour feed and water deprivation) were weighed to determine changes in body weight. On days 30 and 60 before the morning feeding, blood samples through the jugular vein were taken from all lambs. Immediately after blood collection, 0. 5 ml of heparinized blood was poured into 1. 5 ml micro tube and sent to a medical laboratory and using automatic cell counter, hematological parameters (number of red cell, concentration of hemoglobin and red cell percent) were determined. Plasma concentrations of iron, zinc and copper were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry and calcium and phosphorus were determined according to standard methods. Plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) were measured based on the immunological competitive enzyme assay using ELISA in accordance with relevant guidelines. Results and discussion: Dry matter intakes of iron supplemented treatments (treatments 2, 3, 4 and 5( were 1. 32, 1. 42, 1. 36 and 1. 39 kg/d, respectively, which were significantly higher than control (1. 23 kg/d), (P<0. 05). Also, average daily gain in the treatments supplemented with iron oxide nanoparticles (treatments 2 and 3, respectively 0. 22 and 0. 22 kg/d) was significantly higher than the control (0. 19 kg per days) (P<0. 05). The finishing weight of lambs receiving iron supplement (treatments 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively, 44. 26, 43. 31, 42. 81 and 42. 54 kg) were significantly higher than the control group (40. 23kg) and iron oxide nanoparticles were more effective (P<0. 05). Adding iron supplement to the diet, except for treatments 2 in day 30, resulted in a significant decrease in plasma concentration of copper in both the sampling times (days 30 and 60) compared to control treatment (P<0. 05). Copper plasma concentration of treatments 1 to 5 on day 30 was 0. 76, 0. 74, 0. 91, 0. 69 and 0. 50 mg/l, respectively, and on day 60, was 0. 79, 0. 61, 0. 62, 0. 58 and 0. 49 mg/l, respectively. plasma zinc concentration of any of the two sampling times (days 30 and 60) was not affected by iron supplementation and no significant difference was observed between control and iron supplemented treatments. Plasma iron concentration in both sampling times was affected by iron supplementation in the diet and the differences between the control (2. 23 mg/l on day 30 and 2. 37 mg/l on day 60) with iron supplemented treatments (in treatments 2, 3, 4 and 5 was 2. 84, 2. 71, 2. 47 and 2. 58 mg/l on days 30 and 3. 05, 2. 80, 2. 58 and 2. 73 mg/l on day 60) were statistically significant (P <0. 05). Plasma concentrations of calcium and phosphorus in both sampling times in all treatments were similar and the difference between treatments was not statistically significant. The use of iron supplement caused a significant increase in the number of red blood cell and concentration of hemoglobin in supplemented treatments compared with control (except for hemoglobin concentration in group 5 on day 60) (P<0. 05). But the number of red blood cell significantly increased only in group 2, the reason of which was not specified. Plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) in both sampling times (days 30 and 60) in supplemented treatments were significantly higher than the control group (P<0. 01). Conclusion: In overall, the obtained results of this study showed that iron supplementation improved performance, blood iron and thyroid hormones concentrations in lambs. Also blood concentrations of iron and thyroid hormones in all the treatments were within the normal range. However concentrations of above mentioned compounds in control group were in down the ranges and in iron supplemented treatments were in top the ranges. Also no significant difference was observed between the two types of supplements for performance and thyroid hormones at the end of the period. But nano-iron supplement was more effective on hematological indices compared to ferrous sulfate.

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APA: Copy

ALIARABI, H., ZAND, N., BAHARI, A.A., Hajivaliei, M., & ZABOLI, KH.. (2018). Effect of iron source on performance, some minerals, thyroid hormones and blood metabolites of Mehraban male lambs. ANIMAL SCIENCE RESEARCHES (FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, UNIVERSITY OF TABRIZ), 28(1 ), 77-92. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/368505/en

Vancouver: Copy

ALIARABI H., ZAND N., BAHARI A.A., Hajivaliei M., ZABOLI KH.. Effect of iron source on performance, some minerals, thyroid hormones and blood metabolites of Mehraban male lambs. ANIMAL SCIENCE RESEARCHES (FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, UNIVERSITY OF TABRIZ)[Internet]. 2018;28(1 ):77-92. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/368505/en

IEEE: Copy

H. ALIARABI, N. ZAND, A.A. BAHARI, M. Hajivaliei, and KH. ZABOLI, “Effect of iron source on performance, some minerals, thyroid hormones and blood metabolites of Mehraban male lambs,” ANIMAL SCIENCE RESEARCHES (FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, UNIVERSITY OF TABRIZ), vol. 28, no. 1 , pp. 77–92, 2018, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/368505/en

Scientific Information Database

ISSN: 2588-4824

Journal Paper

Effect of iron source on performance, some minerals, thyroid hormones and blood metabolites of Mehraban male lambs