Compilation of Urbanism Texts Based on the Valuable Iranian Texts (With Emphasis on Islamic Ethics)

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NAJAFI MARYAM; NAGHIZADEH MOHAMMAD; toghyani Shirin; MOHAMMADI MAHMOOD

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Journal: JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES IN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE Year:2020 | Volume:8 | Issue:1 (26) Page(s): 41-63

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Title

Compilation of Urbanism Texts Based on the Valuable Iranian Texts (With Emphasis on Islamic Ethics)

Author(s)

NAJAFI MARYAM | NAGHIZADEH MOHAMMAD | toghyani Shirin | MOHAMMADI MAHMOOD | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

urbanism textsQ1

EghtebasQ1

Islamic-ethical textsQ1

Abstract

It is evident that each community should have a specific urbanism science. Science localization is an obvious matter. This matter has motivated Iranian researchers, in the field of urbanism to naturalize urbanism science imported to Iran. One method for producing or indigenizing urbanism texts in Iran, especially in the recent years, has been utilization of valuable Iranian texts. There are valuable-original texts that could be reused for compilation of new texts in urbanism. So far, urbanism studies have been inspired by valuable Iranian texts, such as «the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi», «Hafez s Divan», «Attar s Mosibatname», «Nasir Khusraw› s Safar-nama», «Haft Peykar of Nezami Ganjavi» and «the Muqaddimah of Ibn Khaldun», but none of these studies have had a systematic method. However, this article suggests a specific method of using old texts to create new urbanism texts. In other words, the main aim of this article is to present an efficient method to use the valuable Iranian texts to compile new urbanism texts. In this article, «Islamic ethical texts» have been selected for better understanding of the suggested method and as a sample. Although Ethical texts do not directly mention urban and urbanism, they explain the best way of living and building relationships in society. This article aims to answer the following three questions: 1. What is the proper method of using the valuable Iranian texts to write new urbanism texts? 2. How this method would be applied in different ethical texts? Finally, 3. which kind of urbanism texts would be written by this method? Therefore, this paper can be regarded as a methodology article. The usage of a primary text to create a new text is a theory called «Intertextuality». However, Intertextuality has not been used here. Because it is not coincident with Iranian culture. A native and localized technique is needed for this study. Hence, following research in library resources for Iranian localized techniques, a suitable technique has been found, called the science of rhetoric (Balaghat) and the science of rhetorical embellishment (Badi) has. There were about sixteen literary techniques and figures of speech in Balaghat and Badi science. But only one of them, «Eghtebas» or «adaptation», has been selected as the chosen method in this article, as it is the most complete concept and embraces all the fifteen remained figures. Furthermore, it has become quite operational in other fields as literature and art. The first step in adaptation is the selection of the original text. In this regard, it is necessary to consider points such as value of the original text, similarity between the culture of the original text and the new text, the timeless and placeless content of the original text and finally, the convertibility of the original text to the second text. Texts with the content of «Islamic ethics» have been selected as original and old-valuable texts, for all of which mentioned considerations were made. In the theoretical part, two subjects are defined: The ethical texts and different types of Eghtebas. The ethics have an old and strong precedence in Iran› s history. The goal of ethical texts is individual, and consequently, social and urban prosperity. Four different Islamic ethical texts are introduced. These four types are based on fourdifferent definition about ethics. They including: 1-Mystisim ethics, 2-philosophical ethics, 3-narative ethics and 4-literary ethics. «Mysticism ethics texts» are based on «Intuition», «Philosophy ethical text» on «wisdom», «Narrative ethical text» on revelation and «literary ethical texts» on «expediency». Subsequently, different kinds of Eghtebas are explained. In major division, Eghtebas has three different types: «dramatic changes», «moderate changes» and «no changes». In minor division of Eghtebas, «dramatic changes» include «Re-created», «Revision», «Using title» and «Amiq». Also, «moderate changes» include «Re-writing», «Selective writing» and «Abridgment». Three questions mentioned before are answered in the results. Firstly, four kinds of Eghtebas are explained in association with four ethical texts using the inference and logical reasoning method. The new texts of urbanism would be adopted to the ethical texts. It seems that almost all types of Eghtebas can be used for the four types of ethical texts. However, their relation has been shown with «suitable», «unsuitable» and «allowable» positions. For every type of the ethical texts, there is a more appropriate Eghtebas (compared to other kinds of Eghtebas) including: «Re-created» for usage from «Mysticism ethics, «Revision» for «Literary ethics», «Re-writing» for «Philosophy ethics» and «Selective writing» for «Narrative ethics». Secondly, the writer of urbanism text can extract elements such as word, meaning, subject, writing form and type of language from the original text and reuse them with three positions of «no changes», «dramatic changes» («Re-created», «Revision», «Using title» and «Amiq») and «moderate changes» («Re-writing», «Selective writing» and «Abridgment») in urbanism text. Finally, the new urbanism texts can have different topics such as theoretical and philosophical foundations, normative theories, qualitative features, utopia and urbanism history.

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APA: Copy

NAJAFI, MARYAM, NAGHIZADEH, MOHAMMAD, toghyani, Shirin, & MOHAMMADI, MAHMOOD. (2020). Compilation of Urbanism Texts Based on the Valuable Iranian Texts (With Emphasis on Islamic Ethics). JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES IN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE, 8(1 (26) ), 41-63. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/374427/en

Vancouver: Copy

NAJAFI MARYAM, NAGHIZADEH MOHAMMAD, toghyani Shirin, MOHAMMADI MAHMOOD. Compilation of Urbanism Texts Based on the Valuable Iranian Texts (With Emphasis on Islamic Ethics). JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES IN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE[Internet]. 2020;8(1 (26) ):41-63. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/374427/en

IEEE: Copy

MARYAM NAJAFI, MOHAMMAD NAGHIZADEH, Shirin toghyani, and MAHMOOD MOHAMMADI, “Compilation of Urbanism Texts Based on the Valuable Iranian Texts (With Emphasis on Islamic Ethics),” JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES IN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE, vol. 8, no. 1 (26) , pp. 41–63, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/374427/en

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