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Information Journal Paper

Title

Determination of the most suitable planting date and garlic ecotype (Allium sativum L. ) in South Kerman

Pages

  73-94

Abstract

 Garlic (Allium sativum L. ) belongs to the Liliaceae family and has more than 800 species around the world (Fritsch et al., 2010). This plant after onion is the second amost consumed alium genus, which has high nutritional value due to its minerals. Asexual propagation of garlic during the centuries may have resulted in a genetic restriction. However, the study of Ecotypes shows that phenotypic variation is significant in size, color, leaf length, growth habits and agronomic traits such as stress and drought tolerance. Iran was one of the most important exporting countries of garlic in the world in the past, which makes the study of Ecotypes to meet the demands of domestic markets as well as the export of this product a necessity. Due to the fact that diverse garlic Ecotypes are grown in the south of Kerman province, incompatibility among some of the Ecotypes has caused a lot of problems to the farmers of the region. On the other hand, since different planting dates (from September to December) are used in the region to cultiave garlic, de terming the best Ecotypes and planting dates is of a great importance to the farmers of the region, which can lead to achieving higher yields. Material and Methods: In order to determine the best Ecotypes and planting dates, as well as to estimate the genetic diversity and heritability of traits, an experiment was carried out for two years at the Agricultural Research Center of Kerman Province. The experiment was a factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Five planting dates and six garlic Ecotypes were included as the experimental factors. The traits including Flowering percentage, number of coating layers, number of cloves, Clove weight, onion weight, onion diameter; dry matter content and yield were measured during the growing season. The analysis of variance and mean comparison were carried out using SAS software. Correlation matrix and Cluster analysis based on Ward’ s method were conducted using SPSS software. Finally, the ranking of the Ecotypes based on the all measured traits was done by the method of Arunachalam and Bandyopadhyay (1984). Results and Discussion: The results of compound analysis indicated that different planting dates differed in terms of most of the traits studied including dry matter and number of coating layers. Moreover, it was determined that the effect of Ecotype on all the traits was significant, so that the Ecotypes of Mazandaran and Guilan gave the highest yield. Sandhu et al. (2015) reported a significant difference between Ecotypes in terms of agronomic traits. Our study found that the percentage of flowering, number of clove, Clove weight, onion weight and yield were affected by the interaction of planting date and Ecotype so that the highest yield was achieved with Jiroft and Shahdad Ecotypes at the planting date of September 15. Among the Ecotypes studied in this experiment, Gilan and Mazandaran Ecotypes produced zero flower. Flowering is a genetic trait, which varies among Ecotypes. A desirable characteristic of garlic Ecotypes for the south of Iran is non-flowering, which shows the superiority of these Ecotypes relative to the Ecotypes of Gilan and Ma zandaran, though the Ecotypes of Gilan and Mazandaran were superior in terms of yield. High Broad-sense heritability, high genetic and phenotypic coefficients of variation for Flowering percentage, number of cloves, Clove weight and onion weight were observed in this study, indicating that these traits are more influenced by genetics and the probability that they would be passed to the next generation while preserving their quality is higher. The Cluster analysis divided the Ecotypes into three groups. This indicates the genetic similartiy of each group Ecotype. Conclusion Ultimately, the ranking based on Arunachalam and Bandyopadhyay method showed that the most suitable Ecotype among the studied Ecotypes was Jiroft Ecotype. Therefore, Jiroft Ecotype is recommended to be grown in this area in September.

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    APA: Copy

    Mirzaei, Yadollah, ALAVI SINEY, SEID MOHAMMAD, & Yarahmadi, Saeed. (2020). Determination of the most suitable planting date and garlic ecotype (Allium sativum L. ) in South Kerman. APPLIED FIELD CROPS RESEARCH (PAJOUHESH & SAZANDEGI), 33(3 (128) ), 73-94. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/376335/en

    Vancouver: Copy

    Mirzaei Yadollah, ALAVI SINEY SEID MOHAMMAD, Yarahmadi Saeed. Determination of the most suitable planting date and garlic ecotype (Allium sativum L. ) in South Kerman. APPLIED FIELD CROPS RESEARCH (PAJOUHESH & SAZANDEGI)[Internet]. 2020;33(3 (128) ):73-94. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/376335/en

    IEEE: Copy

    Yadollah Mirzaei, SEID MOHAMMAD ALAVI SINEY, and Saeed Yarahmadi, “Determination of the most suitable planting date and garlic ecotype (Allium sativum L. ) in South Kerman,” APPLIED FIELD CROPS RESEARCH (PAJOUHESH & SAZANDEGI), vol. 33, no. 3 (128) , pp. 73–94, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/376335/en

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