Investigating the effects of municipal solid waste compost and nitrogen application on the yield and concentration of heavy metals in soil and Spinach (Spinacea oleracea L. )

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SEILSEPOUR MOHSEN

Title

Investigating the effects of municipal solid waste compost and nitrogen application on the yield and concentration of heavy metals in soil and Spinach (Spinacea oleracea L. )

Author(s)

SEILSEPOUR MOHSEN | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Cadmium

Lead

Nickel

Nitrate

Abstract

Introduction: Spinach (Spinacea oleracea L. ) is an important vegetable of the beet family, and is one of the most important leafy vegetables in terms of production (Imani, 2012) and is an excellent source of minerals and vitamins (Kawazu et al., 2003). Therefore, considering the nutritional value of this vegetable in the household basket, increasing yield per unit area with emphasis on product health has a special place (Malakouti et al., 2013). In recent years, it has been shown that the combined use of chemical and organic fertilizers is an effective strategy for crop production and maintaining optimum yield (Sharma et al., 2003). In addition, the World Food and Agriculture Organization (F. A. O) has in recent years proposed a plan for developing integrated organic and chemical fertilizer systems for developing countries (Ghalavand, 2007). Accordingly, the combination of chemical fertilizers with organic resources (integrated soil fertility management) has favorable results in increasing the productivity of agricultural products, which in turn can Lead to sustainable agriculture (Badran and Safvat, 2004). On the other hand, unfortunately the soil organic matter status of the country is inadequate, burning and removing plant residues from farmland, unnecessary use of chemical fertilizers and non-use of organic fertilizers have caused the amount of organic matter in soils. The country is getting smaller day by day, which reduces soil fertility and consequently decreases crop yield. Therefore, in order to preserve the soil and improve its physical properties and to balance the environmental factors, it is inevitable to consume organic matter and increase its percentage in soils of the country (Seilsepour, 2018). Research results show that municipal waste compost can be used as organic fertilizer (Sumare et al., 2003). Despite the positive effects of municipal waste compost application on the physical and chemical properties of the soil, there is a possibility of contamination of the soil and crop with heavy metals by municipal waste compost application. Heavy metals have received much attention in recent years due to their pollutant properties (Yalchin et al., 2007). Some heavy metals such as Lead, Cadmium, Nickel and mercury are toxic to humans even in small amounts (Malakoutian et al., 2011). These elements accumulate in the body after they enter the body or are transported to higher nutritional levels and then become toxic and hazardous by chemical interactions. Research results show that the application of municipal waste compost in soil increases the concentration of Lead in the soil (Walter et al., 2006). This increase occurs most in the extracted fraction with DTPA (Zheljaskov and Warman, 2004a) and only a small percentage of the Lead added to the soil is washed out by the application of municipal waste compost (Tisdell and Breslin, 1995). Research results have shown that Lead concentration due to municipal waste compost application in tomatoes was not significant for stewed zucchini (Zheljaskov and Warman, 2004b), but increased Lead concentration in spinach leaves affected by municipal waste compost compared to control treatment. Attention has been paid (Maftoun et al., 2004). Since accurate and precise information on the effects of urban waste compost on soil properties, especially the concentration of heavy metals and the concentration of these elements in fruits of vegetable and vegetable products such as tomatoes, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the field of application of compost Urban on the yield and concentration of heavy metals in soil and spinach. Materials and methods: In order to investigate the effect of different levels of municipal waste compost and nitrogen on the yield of spinach and the concentration of heavy metals in spinach and soil, a field experiment was conducted with 9 treatments and three replications in the form of factorial experiment in a completely randomized complete block design in a research field in Tehran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center for one year. The compost factor consisted of three levels of municipal solid waste compost consumption (0, 10 and 20 t ha-1 with a moisture content of 22% by weight). And nitrogen factor consisted of three levels of nitrogen application (0, 100 and 200 kg ha-1). Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were applied base on soil test. Compost was also prepared from the composting plant of Tehran Municipal Recovery Organization and added to experimental soil plots. The concentration of heavy metals in spinach was also determined by the current methods of soil and water research institute (Emami, 1996). After harvesting, the soil samples were collected from soil samples to determine the concentration of heavy elements, and the collected soil was analyzed using current methods of soil and water research institute (Aliehyaie, 1993). The data were analyzed using MSTATC software and then the mean of measured traits in the treatments were grouped using Duncan's multiple range tests. Results and discussion: The effect of urban waste compost, the effect of nitrogen and their interaction on yield of spinach were statistically significant at the level of one percent. The highest yield of spinach (67300 kg ha-1) was obtained from 10 ton. ha-1 compost with 200 kg ha-1 nitrogen. Researchers have linked this increase to the positive role of urban waste compost in improving physical and chemical properties of soil (Hu and Barker, 2004). The results of various systems of cultivation and ecology studies related to the use of organic fertilizers indicate positive results from the common use of chemical fertilizers and organic resources in the framework of integrated plant nutrition systems (Seilsepour, 2017). Consumption of 20 tons per hectare of urban waste compost significantly increased the concentration of Lead, Cadmium and Nickel in spinach at 471, 700 and 279 percent, respectively, compared to control. Increasing the concentration of heavy metals in some vegetables has also been reported by other researchers (Asgharipour and Armin, 2010). Also, municipal waste compost increased the concentration of total Lead, Nickel and Cadmium in soil, which was allowed in this concentration increase. Also, there was a significant correlation between the concentration of Lead, Cadmium and Nickel of tomatoes with total concentration of these elements in the soil, whose regression equations followed the linear model Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the combination of municipal waste compost with nitrogen is the most suitable compound for increasing the yield of spinach. The highest yield of spinach is obtained from the application of 10 t ha-1 of municipal waste compost with 200 kg ha-1nitrogen. On the other hand, utilization of municipal waste compost increased the concentration of heavy metals in the spinach and soil, but this increase was allowed in the range of 10 tons per hectare of municipal waste compost. However, despite the positive effects of using municipal waste compost on the performance of spinach, it is recommended that the use of this substance be carried out with caution and continuously increasing the concentration of heavy metals in the soil and crop yield and be taken into consideration.

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APA: Copy

SEILSEPOUR, MOHSEN. (2020). Investigating the effects of municipal solid waste compost and nitrogen application on the yield and concentration of heavy metals in soil and Spinach (Spinacea oleracea L. ). HORTICULTURAL PLANT NUTRITION, 2(2 ), 174-191. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/380815/en

Vancouver: Copy

SEILSEPOUR MOHSEN. Investigating the effects of municipal solid waste compost and nitrogen application on the yield and concentration of heavy metals in soil and Spinach (Spinacea oleracea L. ). HORTICULTURAL PLANT NUTRITION[Internet]. 2020;2(2 ):174-191. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/380815/en

IEEE: Copy

MOHSEN SEILSEPOUR, “Investigating the effects of municipal solid waste compost and nitrogen application on the yield and concentration of heavy metals in soil and Spinach (Spinacea oleracea L. ),” HORTICULTURAL PLANT NUTRITION, vol. 2, no. 2 , pp. 174–191, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/380815/en

Scientific Information Database

ISSN: 2588-4824

Journal Paper

Investigating the effects of municipal solid waste compost and nitrogen application on the yield and concentration of heavy metals in soil and Spinach (Spinacea oleracea L. )