Optimization of Microalgae Harvesting and Separation Process by Electrical Coagulation in Biodiesel Production Cycle Using Response Surface Methodology

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Mohammad Ghasemnejad Maleki H.; ALMASSI M.; NASIRIAN N.

Title

Optimization of Microalgae Harvesting and Separation Process by Electrical Coagulation in Biodiesel Production Cycle Using Response Surface Methodology

Author(s)

Mohammad Ghasemnejad Maleki H. | ALMASSI M. | NASIRIAN N. | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Electro-coagulationQ1

MicroalgaeQ1

HarvestingQ1

Recovery efficiencyQ1

Abstract

Introduction Algae have demonstrated to be an efficient bio energy source because in contrast to sugarcane, soybean, canola and oil palm, they are not edible, less expensive to produce, grow faster, allow higher yield and production rate per hectare, do not require clean water to grow, and have the potential of reducing carbon emission. Harvesting Microalgae biomass is a major challenge due to its small size (typically a few micrometer) and low concentration in the culture medium (0. 5– 2 gL-1). The main goal of this study was to demonstrate the proof of principle for Harvesting Microalgae using Electro-coagulation-flocculation and to investigate the influence of several important variables on the efficiency of the Electro-coagulation-flocculation in Harvesting and separating Dunaliella salina Microalgae from the culture medium. This is a native species and halophyte Microalgae with a different culture medium from the fresh water in terms of salinity and electrical conductivity. Materials and Methods In order to investigate such effects, five control variables (independent) were included: material of the electrodes on both levels of aluminum and iron, current intensity in the range of 300 to 1000 mA, time for Electro-coagulation-flocculation (5 to 20 minutes), the electrode gap (1 to 3 cm), and the stirring speed between 0 to 400 rpm on the Recovery efficiency as the response variable (dependent). Experiments were designed based on multi factors response surface method (combining categorical with numeric factors). The experiments were conducted inside a batch reactor with an effective volume of 250 mm which is made of Pyrex glass. Two electrodes with dimensions of 5 × 5 cm and a surface area of 25 cm2 with distance of 2 cm from bottom of the reactor vertically and in different stages were placed inside the reactor with distances of 1, 2 and 3 cm. The Voltage and the required current in the reactor were provided with a digital DC power supply. The main pilot in shape of cubic rectangular which is made of plexiglass with dimensions 35 × 28 × 18 cm and the effective volume of 14 liters was designed and built in order to test the results of optimal experiments. To design an experiment, statistical analysis and optimization was used from the software Design-Expert. Results and Discussion In this study, the modified quadratic model was used to fit the Microalgae Recovery efficiency data obtained from each batch test. The coefficients of determination (R2) adjusted and predicted were respectively more than 0. 98, 0. 96 and 0. 90, which indicated that the modified quadratic model could describe the Microalgae Recovery efficiency in the batch tests of this study successfully. The results specified that the linear effect of control variable on the Recovery efficiency was very significant statistically. Moreover, with increasing the electric current intensity variable and ECF time or reducing the distance between the electrodes the Recovery efficiency has increased significantly. Furthermore, by increasing stirrer speed from 0 to 200 rpm the amount of Recovery efficiency increased and by increasing stirrer speed from 200 to 400 rpm the amount of Recovery efficiency decreased. The results showed that aluminum electrodes on the recovery of Microalgae from the culture medium are more efficient than iron electrodes. In this study, the optimal operating conditions for maximization of the Microalgae Recovery efficiency were explored. The maximum Microalgae Recovery efficiency of 98. 06% was obtained at the current intensity of 999 mA, the time of 20 min, the electrode gap of 1. 39 cm, the stirring speed of 222 rpm and with aluminum as electrode material. Conclusion In this study, the effect of five control variables (independent) including current intensity, electrode gap, ECF time, stirring speed and electrode material on the response variable (dependent), namely the Recovery efficiency of Dunaliella salina Microalgae from the culture medium, was examined. The modified quadratic model was used to fit the Microalgae Recovery efficiency data obtained from each batch test. The experimental results in different stages of our study indicated that the Harvesting efficiency of the ECF process could be improved with optimized settings in different stages. In order to achieve the maximum efficiency regarding economic factors as well as energy and environment, the second part of an article by the same research group on the same topic is recommended. However, as the ECF process is complicated on a large scale, a pilot study is required to further adjust the Harvesting efficiency and make alterations in current density and electrode plate distance in the ECF harvester so as to develop such technology and make commercial use of it in the future.

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APA: Copy

Mohammad Ghasemnejad Maleki, H., ALMASSI, M., & NASIRIAN, N.. (2020). Optimization of Microalgae Harvesting and Separation Process by Electrical Coagulation in Biodiesel Production Cycle Using Response Surface Methodology. AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING (SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE), 43(3 ), 425-440. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/400809/en

Vancouver: Copy

Mohammad Ghasemnejad Maleki H., ALMASSI M., NASIRIAN N.. Optimization of Microalgae Harvesting and Separation Process by Electrical Coagulation in Biodiesel Production Cycle Using Response Surface Methodology. AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING (SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE)[Internet]. 2020;43(3 ):425-440. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/400809/en

IEEE: Copy

H. Mohammad Ghasemnejad Maleki, M. ALMASSI, and N. NASIRIAN, “Optimization of Microalgae Harvesting and Separation Process by Electrical Coagulation in Biodiesel Production Cycle Using Response Surface Methodology,” AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING (SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE), vol. 43, no. 3 , pp. 425–440, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/400809/en

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Scientific Information Database

ISSN: 2588-4824

Journal Paper

Optimization of Microalgae Harvesting and Separation Process by Electrical Coagulation in Biodiesel Production Cycle Using Response Surface Methodology